Examination of the abdomen

Question 1

which node do abdominal tumours classically spread to via the lymphatic duct

a.right supraclavicular
b.left supraclavicular
c. right cervical chain
d.left cervical chain

Answer 1

b.left supraclavicular

(virchows node)

Question 2

guarding is the involuntary reflex contraction of abdominal wall overlying inflammed organs and peritonium in which of these conditions is guarding seen

a.cirrhosis
b. appendicitis
c.kidney infection
d.peptic ulcer

Answer 2

b. appendicitis

Question 3

what bowel sounds are heard in periotonitis

a. tinkling
b.abscent

Answer 3

b.abscent

Question 4

which type of hernias are palpable below the inguinal ligament and lateral to the pubic tubercule

a.femoral
b.inguinal

Answer 4

a.femoral

Question 5

which type of hernia is palpable above and medial to the pubic tubercle

a.femoral
b.inguinal

Answer 5

b.inguinal

Question 6

which type of hernia is most common in young men

a.indirect inguinal
b. direct inguinal
c.femoral

Answer 6

a.indirect inguinal

Question 7

a hernia bulging through the internal ring into the inguinal canal that may extend into the scrotum via the external ring is known as

a.indirect inguinal
b.direct inguinal
c.femoral

Answer 7

a.indirect inguinal
most seen in young men

Question 8

which type of hernia does not reappear after pressure is appplied

a.indirect
b.direct

Answer 8

a.indirect

Question 9

which type of hernia reappears after pressure applied during standing

a.indirect
b.direct

Answer 9

b.direct

Question 10

what type of hernia forms at a site of muscle weakness in the posterior wall of the inguinal canal and is more common in older men and women

a. direct inguinal
b.indirect inguinal
c.femoral

Answer 10

a. direct inguinal

Question 11

hard swelling, of the testicle that does not transilluminate

a.tumour
b.hydrocele
c.epididymal cyst

Answer 11

a.tumour

Question 12

which of these scrotal pathologies feels like a bag of worms when standing but resolves lying down

a.tumour
b.hydrocele
c.epididymal cyst
d.hernia
e.varicocoele

Answer 12

e.varicocoele

Question 13

May have a cough impulse. May be reducible. Does not transilluminate. May hear bowel sounds.

a.tumour
b.hydrocele
c.epididymal cyst
d.hernia
e.varicocoele

Answer 13

d.hernia

Question 14

Firm discrete regular swelling separate from the testicular body and only adherent to the epididymis. Transilluminates

a.tumour
b.hydrocele
c.epididymal cyst
d.hernia
e.varicocoele

Answer 14

c.epididymal cyst