Examination

Question 1

Complete history:

Answer 1

Everything we always look at….

Question 2

Examination of skin:

Components: (4)

Answer 2

Observe
Palpate
Photographic assessment
Thermography

Question 3

Examination of skin:
Pruritis is _______
Common in ______, drug ________, or ___thyroidism

Answer 3

Itching

DM, hypersensitivity, hyperthyroidism

Question 4

Examination of skin: Urticaria:
Smooth, ___, elevated patches of skin… AKA _______
Indicative of _____ response to drugs or infection

Answer 4

Red
Hives
Allergic

Question 5

Examination of skin: Rash:
Local redness and eruption on skin, typically accompanied by _______
Seen in inflammation, skin diseases, chronic __________, _____ disturbances, pyrexia, meds

What are some examples?

Answer 5

Itching
Alcoholism, vasomotor

Diaper rash, heat rash, drug rash

Question 6

Examination of skin:

What is it called when you have excessive dryness with shedding or epithelium?

Answer 6

Xeroderma

Question 7

Examination of skin:

Xeroderma can indicate deficiency of _______ function, and _______

Answer 7

Thyroid

Diabetes

Question 8

Examination of skin: Changes in nails:
Clubbing - indicative of ______ or cardiac/cyanosis, lung CA, or chronic ________, ulcerative colitis, biliary ______, neoplasm, ___ involvement

Can also be present at ______

Answer 8

Crohn’s
Hypoxia
Cirrhosis
GI

Birth

Question 9

Examination of skin: Changes in nails:

What test can you do for clubbing?

Answer 9

Schamroth’s window test: loss of diamond shaped space when nails from opposite hands are placed back to back

Question 10

Examination of skin: Changes in nails:

_____ spots seen with trauma to nails

Answer 10

White

Question 11

Examination of skin: Changes in nails:

Splinter hemorrhages: small areas of bleeding under nails that look like splinters — potential _____ or _____ signs

Answer 11

Cardiac or renal

Question 12

Examination of skin: Changes in nails:

Changes in nails (koilonychia, leukonychia) often indicate ______ issues unless it is congenital

Answer 12

SYSTEMIC

Question 13

Examination of skin: Edema:

Can indicate ______, venous or lymphatic obstruction, inflammation, cardiac, circulatory, or ____ decompensation

Answer 13

Anemia

Renal

Question 14

Examination of skin: Edema:

Determine _______ and postures that aggravate or relieve edema

Answer 14

Activities

Question 15

Examination of skin: Edema:

What 3 measures should you do?

Answer 15

Palpate
Volume
Girth

Question 16

Examination of skin: Changes in skin pigmentation, tissue mobility, turgor, and texture:
Wrinkling may be due to aging, or prolonged immersion in water, _______

Answer 16

Dehydration

Question 17

Examination of skin: Changes in skin pigmentation, tissue mobility, turgor, and texture:
Look for ______

Answer 17

Blistering

Question 18

Examination of skin: Changes in skin pigmentation, tissue mobility, turgor, and texture:
Stemmer’s sign: early Dx indication of ______ ______

Answer 18

Primary lymphedema

Question 19

Examination of skin: Changes in skin color:
Cherry red: palmar erythema can indicate ____ or ___ issues

Also ___ _____ _____

Answer 19

Liver or renal

Carbon monoxide poisoning

Question 20

Examination of skin: Changes in skin color:
Cyanosis: slightly blue, gray, slate colored
Indicative of lack of ______ (Hemoglobin). Can indicate ______, advanced lung disease, congenital _____ _____, and _____ obstruction

Answer 20

O2
CHF
Heart disease
Venous

Question 21

Examination of skin: Changes in skin color:

Cyanosis: examine where for peripheral causes? Central causes?

Answer 21

Central: lips, oral mucosa, tongue

Peripheral: nails, hands, feet

Question 22

Examination of skin: Changes in skin color:

Pallor: Can indicate _______, internal ________, lack of exposure to ___

Answer 22

Anemia
Hemorrhage
Sun

Question 23

Examination of skin: Changes in skin color:

temporary pallor seen with ____ insufficiency and _______, chills, shock, vasomotor instability, or nervousness

Answer 23

Arterial

Syncope

Question 24

Examination of skin: Changes in skin color:
Yellow: indicates _____, ____ disease
Look for yellow color in ______ of eyes, ____, and ____

Answer 24

Jaundice, liver
Sclera
Lips, skin

Question 25

Examination of skin: Changes in skin color: Yellow-orange: occurs with increased ______ intake Where to look?

Answer 25

Carotene Palms, soles, face

Question 26

Examination of skin: Changes in skin color: Liver spots: brownish yellow spots may be due to _____, _____ and _____ malignancies, ________

Answer 26

Aging Uterine, liver Pregnancies

Question 27

Examination of skin: Changes in skin color: | Brown: Increased pigmentation sometimes associated with _____ insufficiency

Answer 27

Venous Hemosiderin deposits

Question 28

Examination of skin: Changes in skin temp: | Correlate with ______ temp

Answer 28

Internal

Question 29

Examination of skin: Changes in skin temp: | Examine with what body part?

Answer 29

Backs of fingers

Question 30

Examination of skin: Changes in skin temp: | Abn heat can indicate ______, _______-thyroidism, mental excitement, excess ____ intake

Answer 30

Fever Hyperthyroidism Salt

Question 31

Examination of skin: Changes in skin temp: Abn cold: can indicate poor _______ or ______ E.g. vasomotor spasm, venous or arterial thrombosis, ___-thyroidism

Answer 31

Circulation or obstruction | HYPOthyroidism

Question 32

Examination of skin: Changes in skin temp: | Examine temp of reddened area: local warm may indicate ____ or _____

Answer 32

Inflamm or cellulitis

Question 33

Examination of skin: Hidrosis: _____ skin (hyperhydrosis) increased perspiration: Can indicate _____, pneumonic crisis, drugs, hot drinks, exercise

Answer 33

Moist | Fever

Question 34

Examination of skin: Hidrosis: Dry skin (__________) can indicate ________, ichthyosis, or _____thyroidism Late stages of ____ _____

Answer 34

Hypohidrosis Dehydration HYPOthyroidism DM

Question 35

Examination of skin: Hidrosis: | Cold sweats: can indicate great fear, anxiety, depression or disease (____)

Answer 35

AIDS

Question 36

Examination of skin: Changes in hair: | What is the term for hair loss?

Answer 36

Alopecia

Question 37

Examination of skin: Changes in hair: HYPOthyroidism: _____ hair HYPERthyroidism: _____ hair

Answer 37

Thin | Silky

Question 38

Examination of skin: Changes in hair: Hirsutism: ____ pattern of hair growth (facial and body) in ______ May indicate what? (4)

Answer 38

Male Women PCOS, Cushing’s, tumor, or inherited trait

Question 39

Examination of skin: Presence of lesions, unusual growths: Flat spot: Macule: size? Patch: size?

Answer 39

Macule: small, up to 1cm Patch: 1 cm or greater

Question 40

``` Examination of skin: Presence of lesions, unusual growths: Palpable elevated solid mass: Papule Plaque Nodule Wheal ```

Answer 40

Papule: small, up to 1cm Plaque: elevated, 1cm or larger Nodule: marble like lesion Wheal: irregular, localized skin edema (hives)

Question 41

``` Examination of skin: Presence of lesions, unusual growths: Elevated lesions with fluid cavities: Vesicle Bulla or blister Pustule ```

Answer 41

Vesicle: up to 1cm, contains serous fluid Bulla or blister: 1cm or larger, contains serous fluid (2nd deg burn) Pustule: contains pus, (acne)