Exame P3 Flashcards
Define a Knowledge Based System (KBS)
A program that:
– Solves complex problems
– that correspond to specific tasks
– in a particular domain
– leading to the same solutions a human expert
would find
– with the same performance of a human expert
– where the solution is found through the use of
intensive knowledge
Describe the areas of the problems typically solved by Knowledge Based Systems
Areas they are good at solving problems:
- Data interpretation
- Diagnosis
- Design
- Monitoring
- Planning
- Repair
- Scheduling
They do not solve several problems at the same time, just one, they are not for manual tasks
How do the solutions provided by a Knowledge Based System compare to those of a human expert and a non-experienced human using general techniques?
Human experts learn, create and/or improve their techniques based on their experiences, along all their careers.
These systems use the same techniques, methods from the human experts and their knowledge.
They execute difficult tasks with the same quality and performance from human experts
Explain the importance of a KBS being able to show its reasoning and justify its conclusions
To be accepted by humans KBS have to explain and justify their conclusions, show what knowledge was used to reach it, and show reasoning to find the solution
Describe the MYCIN system and its key functionalities
MYCIN was a system written in Lisp that was created to identify bacteria causing severe infections, such as bacteremia and meningitis, and to recommend antibiotics, with the dosage adjusted for patient’s body weight
What is the significance of certainty factors in the context of MYCIN and what debate did they spark?
It sparked debate about the use of it, for responsibility issues, but also principled uncertainty framework known as “certainty factors”. MYCIN’s performance was affected by perturbation in the uncertainty metrics associated with individual metrics
Differentiate between theoretical/public knowledge and heuristic/private knowledge
Theoretical/public knowledge
Definitions, facts, classifications, theories, published in knowledge sources
Heuristic/private knowledge
Tricks of trade, heuristics, specific ways of indemnifying problem classes and the techniques to apply to each class ways of problem decomposition, all developed by the expert based on their experience
Highlight some of the challenges involved in building knowledge-based systems, particularly those related to knowledge acquisition
Requires time, effort and expert collaboration, sometimes they see knowledge based systems as a threat to their jobs. Requires several iterations.
What are some of the limitations of human experts that can also affect the applicability and knowledge within a KBS?
Humans experts sometimes do not recognize their own limitations or cases to which they do not apply or for which existing knowledge is not applicable
