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Microbiology > Exam3Lec6GITractandTissueDwellingHelminthInfections > Flashcards

Exam3Lec6GITractandTissueDwellingHelminthInfections Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Classification of Helminths

A

Roundworms (Nematodes)
-Tissue dwelling: Trichinella, filarial worms (river blindness, elephantiasis)
-GI tract/tissue: Hookworm, Strongyloides
-GI tract: Pinworm, Ascaris

**Tapeworms **(Cestodes):
Taenia tapeworms (pork, beef)
Echinococcus (dog)

Flukes, Flatworms (Trematodes):
Schistosoma (blood flukes)

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2
Q

What is trichinosis?

what is the parasite and transmission?

A

Parasite: Trichinella spiralis
Worldwide in all climates

Transmission:
Oral (consumption of infected undercooked meat, pork, or ham)

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3
Q

What is the life cycle trichinosis?

A

When you ingest undercooked meat, the larvae from parasite infect striated muscles.

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4
Q

What are the sx of trichinosis?

A

Adult worms phase of life cycle can cause:
Intestinal inflammation
Diarrhea
Nausea
High eosinophilia

Encysted larvae phase of life cycle in muscle can cause:
Muscle and joint pain
Fever
Edema of the eyes
Hemorrhages under nails (petechia)

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5
Q

What is Elephantiasis (Lymphatic Filariasis)

What is the parasite and tranmission?

A

Parasite: Wuchereria bancrofti

Transmission: mosquito
Transmit infective microfilariae
Adult worm causes disease

Adult worms produce microfilariae that migrate into lymph and blood channels.

adults cause disease

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6
Q

What are the sx of Elephantiasis (Lymphatic Filariasis)?

A

Adult worms block lymphatic organs causing:
Proliferation of the lining of the endothelium leading to granulation
Obstruction and secondary infection of the lymphatic system

Late symptoms:
Elephantiasis
Lymphangitis
Lymphadenopathy
Filarial Abscess

Elephantiasis is a condition characterized by gross enlargement of an area of the body, especially the limbs.

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7
Q

What is River Blindness (Onchocerciasis)?

What is the parasite and transmission?

A

Parasite: Onchocerca volvulus

Transmission: Blackfly
Transmit infective microfilariae
Microfilaria larvae causes disease

Adult filariae produce **thousands of infective microfilariae **that migrate in the circulation.

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8
Q

What are the sx of River Blindness (Onchocerciasis)?

A

Adult worms cause subcutaneous fibrous nodules and produce thousands of microfilaria larvae

Microfilaria Larvae invade the eyes causing:
Sclerosing Keratitis
Blindness

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9
Q

What is hookworm?

parasite and transmission

A

Parasite: Necator americanus & Ancylostoma duodenale
Direct parasitic cycle AND indirect free-living cycle

Transmission: Infective (3rd stage) Larvae
Found worldwide in warm climates
Mature in soil and penetrate the skin

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10
Q

What are the 2 life cycles of hookworm?

A

indirect free living and parasitic cycle

These parasites have two life cycles. During the parasitic cycle they penetrate the skin, travel up to the lung (due to the high oxygenation). The infected person then coughs up the parasite and swallows it which leads to infection of the GI tract. In the free living cycle, these parasites thrive on their own whilst feeding on bacteria in the soil.

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11
Q

What are the sx and diagnosis of hookworm>

A

Larvae can cause pneumonitis (larvae migrate through the lungs)

Adult worms (in jejunum) ingest blood causing:
Gastrointestinal bleeding fangs!!1
Iron deficiency
Anemia

Diagnosis: hookworm eggs recovered from stool samples

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12
Q

What are Strongyloides?

parasite and transmission

A

Parasite: Strongyloides stercoralis
Direct parasitic cycle AND indirect free-living cycle

Transmission: Infective Larvae
Worldwide distribution
Penetrate the skin

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13
Q

What are the sx of Strongyloides?

A

Larvae can cause pneumonitis (larvae migrate through the lungs

In AIDS Patients:
Hyper infection syndrome (massive autoinfection with filariform larvae)

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14
Q

What is pinworm?

parasite and transmission

A

Parasite: Enterobius vermicularis

Transmission: Fecal-oral
Uptake of infective eggs

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15
Q

What is the most common parasitic helminth in the US?

A

Pinworm
Children (daycare centers)
Elderly (nursing homes)

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16
Q

What are the sx and the diagnosis of pinworm?

A

Initial symptoms: Perianal itching (particularly in the morning)

Diagnosis
Pinworm eggs recovered from stool sample
Pinworm eggs recovered by scotch tape method

17
Q

What is ascaris?

parasite and transmission?

A

Parasite: Ascaris lumbricoides

Transmission: Oral route
Uptake of infective eggs
Worldwide distribution

18
Q

What are the sx and diagnosis of ascaris?

A

**Larvae **can cause pneumonitis with eosinophilia (larvae migrate through the lungs)

Adult Worms
Obstruction of small intestine, bile ducts, and trachea, Appendicitis

Diagnosis: ascaris eggs recovered in stool sample, has a rough lining (surface) -know this

19
Q

How do ascaris eggs look like?

A

They have a rough surface

20
Q

What is pork tapeworm?

parasite and transmision?

A

Parasite: Taenia solium

Transmission
1. Oral Route: Consumption of infected undercooked pork
-Leads to tapeworm in GI
2. Fecal-Oral Route: Uptake of infective eggs
-Leads to cysticercosis

21
Q

What is the sx and diagnosis of pork tapeworm?

A

Infection with eggs:
* Developing larvae can cause cysticercosis
* Neurocysticercosis: MOST COMMON helminth infection of the CNS

Diagnosis:
* Proglottids in stool

The adult tapeworm is made up of many small segments, called proglottids,each about the size of a grain of rice. As the tapeworm matures inside the intestine, these segments (proglottids) break off and pass into the stool.

22
Q

What is the sx and diagnosis of pork tapeworm?

A

Infection with eggs:
* Developing larvae can cause cysticercosis
* Neurocysticercosis: MOST COMMON helminth infection of the CNS

Diagnosis:
* Proglottids in stool

The adult tapeworm is made up of many small segments, called proglottids,each about the size of a grain of rice. As the tapeworm matures inside the intestine, these segments (proglottids) break off and pass into the stool.

23
Q

What is dog tapeworm (hydatid disease)?

parasite and transmission

A

Parasite: Echinococcus granulosus

Transmission:
1. Fecal-Oral Route: Uptake of infective eggs
-Causes Hydatid Disease
-Cysticercosis in the lung and liver

24
Q

What is Schistosomiasis (Bilharzia)?

parasite and transmission

A

Parasites: Schistosoma species
Transmission:
-Aquatic snails as intermediate host
-Infective cercariae larvae penetrate the skin

25
Q

What are the three Schistosoma Species?

A

Schistosoma mansoni
Schistosoma haematobium
Schistosoma japonicum

26
Q

What is Schistosoma mansoni species ?

type of infection, the location and the type of spine

A

Hepatic/intestinal infection
Africa, Middle East, Latin America
LATERAL spine

27
Q

What is Schistosoma haematobium species?

type of infection, the location and the type of spine

A

Urinary infection
Africa and Middle East
TERMINAL spine

28
Q

What is the Schistosoma japonicum species?

type of infection, the location and the type of spine

A

Hepatic/intestinal infection
Southeast Asia
NO spine

29
Q

What are the sx of Schistosomiasis (Bilharzia)

A

Larvae can cause** mild dermatitis** at site of penetration

Adult Worms release eggs causing:
* Ulceration
* Splenomegaly/Hepatomegaly
* Developmental Retardation
* Inflammatory granuloma and tissue
* Hypertrophy of the bladder
* Periportal Fibrosis

Microbiology (18 decks)

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