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Exam2Lec9DNAviruses Flashcards

1
Q

What is the genome and structure for the Parvoiridae family of DNA viruses?

A

-Linear, single stranded DNA
-icosahedral capsid symmetry, non-enveloped

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2
Q

What is required for replication for the Parvoiridae family of DNA viruses?

A

-Nuclear replication
-Requires S phase for replication thus infects rapidly dividing cells

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3
Q

Examples of viruses of the Parvoiridae family

A

-Erythrovirus/B19 virus
-Dependovirus/Adeno-associated viruses (AVV)
-Boccavirus

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4
Q

What type of cells does Parvovirus (B19) infect?

A

Tropism for Erythrocytes

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5
Q

Process of B19 Parvovirus (B19) infection in erythrocytes?

A

-Binds glycan and glycoproteins receptors
-Entry via receptor mediated endocytosis

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6
Q

Clinical manifestations of Parvovirus (B19)

A

Fifth Disease/Slap Cheek Disease (erythema infectiosum)

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7
Q

What is Dependovirus also known as?

A

Adeno-associated viruses (AVV)

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8
Q

What is Dependovirus/AVV dependent on?

A

Helper virus dependent (adenoviruses, HSV-1, HSV-2, CMV, PRV)

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9
Q

How can Dependovirus/AVV be used?

A

As gene therapy vectors

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10
Q

Mechanism of Dependovirus/AVV as gene therapy vectors

A

-Dependovirus genome can integrate into host genome
-Maintenance of genome as episome for < 1 year

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11
Q

What is the genome and structure for the Polyomavirus family of DNA viruses?

A

double stranded circular DNA & closed, associated with histones

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12
Q

What is the capsid symmetry for polymavirus family?

A

icosahedral capsid summetry

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13
Q

Where is the polymavirus family replication

A

nuclear

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14
Q

persistent infection of polymavirus family with little apparent disease can be ______

A

oncogenic

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15
Q

What are the examples of polymavirus family

A

Merkel cell virus
BK virus
JC virus

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16
Q

Explain the polymavirus genome

A

Large T antigen (early gene)
1.activation of RnA synthesis
2. cell cycle progression through S phase
- binging to pRb family, p53 tumor suppressors
3. binging SV40 ori to initiate SNA replication
-early transcription shit off
-late transcription activation

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17
Q

What is the Merkel cell virus cause?

A

Merkel cell carcinoma (skin)

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18
Q

where is BK virus seen ?

A

transplant patients

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19
Q

What does the BK virus cause?

A

ureteric stenosis
polyomavirus associated nephropathy

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20
Q

where is JC virus seen ?

A

in immunosuppressed people

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21
Q

What does JC virus cause?

A

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML)

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22
Q

What is the genome and capsid symmetry of Papillomavirus family?

A

DNA genome - circular ds

icoshedral capsid symmetry
- non enveloped

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23
Q

What is the replication of Papillomavirus family?

A

Nucelar

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24
Q

What is the transmission of Papillomavirus family?

A

sexual (skin to skin)

25
what is the tropism of Papillomavirus family?
keratinocytes differentiation
26
what does the low risk (6 and 11) of Papillomavirus family?cause:
Genital warts, recurrent respiratory papilomatosis
27
What does the high risk *16,18,45,46 Papillomavirus family cause?
Cancer-Cervical carinoma
28
Overview of HPV genome
E1-E7= early genes (nonstructural) - E6 and 7 proteins play major role in immortal and malignant transformation of infected cells -E5 has role but not required to maintain cancer phenotype L1 and L2=late genes (structural) -capsid genes -l1 very important for HPV vaccine URR=upstream regulatory region
29
E1-E7= early genes (nonstructural)
- E6 and 7 proteins play major role in immortal and malignant transformation of infected cells -E5 has role but not required to maintain cancer phenotype
30
L1 and L2=late genes (structural)
-capsid genes -l1 very important for HPV vaccine
31
What is used in the HPV vaccines
recombinant L1 capsid proteins of individual HPV types Adjuvant: aluminum hydro phosphate sulfate
32
Path of HPV replication
-HPV infection occurs in the basal layer of the epidermis -Once in the basal layer, relies heavily on E6 and E7 to drive replication of the virus
33
What monomers are used for HPV assembly and what do they do?
L1= HPV major capsid protein L2=HPV minor capsid protein Both are self-assembling
34
How are HPV VLP vaccines created?
-Use virus like particles, recombinated L1 capsid proteins of individual types >Quadrivalent (HPV4) >Nonvalent (HPV9)
35
What do HPV VLP vaccines protect against?
-Protects against strains -6,11 (75-90% genital warts) -16,18 (70% cervical cancer) -31,33, 45, 52, 58
36
What is the genome and structure of the Adenovirus family?
DNA genome, double stranded and linear Icosahedral capsid symmetry, naked
37
Where is the Adenovirus family replicated?
-Nuclear
38
How many serotypes does the Adenovirus family have?
> 51 serotypes, each can cause varying symptoms
39
Transcription process for Adenovirus family?
1. Due to linear genome, transcription units encode on BOTH strands of the DNA 2. Immediate Early Genes (E1A/E1B) code for regulatory transactivators 3. Early Genes (E3-E4) code for viral replication proteins 4. Late Genes (L1-L5) code for capsid (structural) proteins
40
What can adenovirus genome be used for?
Can be used as gene therapy or vaccine vector
41
Clinical Symptoms and transmission of Adenovirus
Endemic respiratory infection in children (50% asymptomatic) -Transmission- respiratory (aerosol) and fecal oral (two strains)
42
List of respiratory infections that affect infants and toddlers due to adenovirus
-Infants: Nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, bronchitis, and pneumonia in colder areas -Toddlers: Pharyngitis
43
What are the diseases by serotype for adenoviruses?
-Pharynigitis (Serotypes 1,2,3,5,7) -Epidemic Keratoconjunctivits (8,18,27) -Acute infantile gastroenteritis (40,41)
44
What is the genome and structure of the Herpesviridae family?
DNA Genome: Large, ds, enveloped (studded w/ viral glycoproteins) Iscohedral capsid symmetry
45
Where is Herpesviridae replicated?
Nuclear replication
46
Subfamilies of Herpesviridae family
1. Alphaherpesvirinae 2. Betaherpesvirinae 3.Gammaherpesvirinae
47
Explain the viral gene expression for herpesviridae family
Use Immediate early gene code for transactivators Early Gene--> DNA replication Late Gene--> Assembly (capsid)
48
Example HSV-1 Latency
1. Migration: virus must travel from site of infection to site of latency 2. Maintenance of episome: circular genome in complex with histones 3. Latent Associated Transcript: Expressed during latency but not required (HSV-1: single transcript (LAT)) 4. Stress reactivates the virus
49
Characteristics of Alphaherpesvirinae
-Efficient destruction of infected cells -Capacity to establish latent infections primarily in SENSORY GANGLIA
50
Examples of Alphaherpesvirinae
Herpes simplex virus type-1 and 2 (HSV-1 and -2) -Causative agents of oral and genital herpes Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV/HHV-3) -causative agent for chicken pox and measles
51
Characteristic of Betaherpesvirinae
-Frequent enlargement of infected cells -Capacity to establish latent effects primarily in SECRETORY GLANDS, lymphoreticular cells, kidneys
52
Examples of Betaherpesvirinae
Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV/HHV-5) -causative agent of birth effects Human Herpesviruses 6 and 7 (HHV-6 and -7) -HHV-6 causes roseola in infants -HHV-6 integrate into telomeres, associated with neurological defects
53
Characteristics of Gammaherpesvirinae
-Usually specific for either T or B lymphocytes -Capacity to establish latent infections primarily in LYMPHOID TISSUE
54
Examples of Gammaherpesvirinae
Kaposi's Sacrcoma Herpes Virus (KSHV/HHV-8) -Causative agent of Kaposi Sacroma Epstein Barr Virus (EBV/HHV-4) -Causative agent of mononucleosis Burkett lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma
55
What is the genome and structure of the Orthopoxvirus (pox) family?
-DNA genome: ds linear, enveloped -Complex structure
56
Where is the pox family replicated?
Cytoplasmic
57
Examples of pox family viruses
-Variola virus (smallpox) -infects only humans; fatality ~30% -Cowpox -Rodent reservoir (cows, cats, humans are ancillary host) -Monkeypox
58
What is Vaccina?
Smallpox vaccine -Laboratory strain, closely related to rabbitpox
59
How is monkeypox transmitted and what are the symptoms?
Transmission -Direct contact, contact with contaminated items, contact with respiratory secretion, vertical transmission Symptoms -Enlarged lymph nodes, rash, fever, malaise, chills, pruitis, headache, myalgia

Microbiology (18 decks)

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