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Microbiology > Exam2Lec9DNAviruses > Flashcards

Exam2Lec9DNAviruses Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the genome and structure for the Parvoiridae family of DNA viruses?

A

-Linear, single stranded DNA
-icosahedral capsid symmetry, non-enveloped

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2
Q

What is required for replication for the Parvoiridae family of DNA viruses?

A

-Nuclear replication
-Requires S phase for replication thus infects rapidly dividing cells

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3
Q

Examples of viruses of the Parvoiridae family

A

-Erythrovirus/B19 virus
-Dependovirus/Adeno-associated viruses (AVV)
-Boccavirus

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4
Q

What type of cells does Parvovirus (B19) infect?

A

Tropism for Erythrocytes

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5
Q

Process of B19 Parvovirus (B19) infection in erythrocytes?

A

-Binds glycan and glycoproteins receptors
-Entry via receptor mediated endocytosis

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6
Q

Clinical manifestations of Parvovirus (B19)

A

Fifth Disease/Slap Cheek Disease (erythema infectiosum)

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7
Q

What is Dependovirus also known as?

A

Adeno-associated viruses (AVV)

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8
Q

What is Dependovirus/AVV dependent on?

A

Helper virus dependent (adenoviruses, HSV-1, HSV-2, CMV, PRV)

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9
Q

How can Dependovirus/AVV be used?

A

As gene therapy vectors

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10
Q

Mechanism of Dependovirus/AVV as gene therapy vectors

A

-Dependovirus genome can integrate into host genome
-Maintenance of genome as episome for < 1 year

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11
Q

What is the genome and structure for the Polyomavirus family of DNA viruses?

A

double stranded circular DNA & closed, associated with histones

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12
Q

What is the capsid symmetry for polymavirus family?

A

icosahedral capsid summetry

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13
Q

Where is the polymavirus family replication

A

nuclear

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14
Q

persistent infection of polymavirus family with little apparent disease can be ______

A

oncogenic

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15
Q

What are the examples of polymavirus family

A

Merkel cell virus
BK virus
JC virus

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16
Q

Explain the polymavirus genome

A

Large T antigen (early gene)
1.activation of RnA synthesis
2. cell cycle progression through S phase
- binging to pRb family, p53 tumor suppressors
3. binging SV40 ori to initiate SNA replication
-early transcription shit off
-late transcription activation

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17
Q

What is the Merkel cell virus cause?

A

Merkel cell carcinoma (skin)

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18
Q

where is BK virus seen ?

A

transplant patients

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19
Q

What does the BK virus cause?

A

ureteric stenosis
polyomavirus associated nephropathy

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20
Q

where is JC virus seen ?

A

in immunosuppressed people

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21
Q

What does JC virus cause?

A

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML)

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22
Q

What is the genome and capsid symmetry of Papillomavirus family?

A

DNA genome - circular ds

icoshedral capsid symmetry
- non enveloped

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23
Q

What is the replication of Papillomavirus family?

A

Nucelar

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24
Q

What is the transmission of Papillomavirus family?

A

sexual (skin to skin)

25
Q

what is the tropism of Papillomavirus family?

A

keratinocytes differentiation

26
Q

what does the low risk (6 and 11) of Papillomavirus family?cause:

A

Genital warts, recurrent respiratory papilomatosis

27
Q

What does the high risk *16,18,45,46 Papillomavirus family cause?

A

Cancer-Cervical carinoma

28
Q

Overview of HPV genome

A

E1-E7= early genes (nonstructural)
- E6 and 7 proteins play major role in immortal and malignant transformation of infected cells
-E5 has role but not required to maintain cancer phenotype

L1 and L2=late genes (structural)
-capsid genes
-l1 very important for HPV vaccine

URR=upstream regulatory region

29
Q

E1-E7= early genes (nonstructural)

A
  • E6 and 7 proteins play major role in immortal and malignant transformation of infected cells
    -E5 has role but not required to maintain cancer phenotype
30
Q

L1 and L2=late genes (structural)

A

-capsid genes
-l1 very important for HPV vaccine

31
Q

What is used in the HPV vaccines

A

recombinant L1 capsid proteins of individual HPV types

Adjuvant: aluminum hydro phosphate sulfate

32
Q

Path of HPV replication

A

-HPV infection occurs in the basal layer of the epidermis
-Once in the basal layer, relies heavily on E6 and E7 to drive replication of the virus

33
Q

What monomers are used for HPV assembly and what do they do?

A

L1= HPV major capsid protein
L2=HPV minor capsid protein
Both are self-assembling

34
Q

How are HPV VLP vaccines created?

A

-Use virus like particles, recombinated L1 capsid proteins of individual types
>Quadrivalent (HPV4)
>Nonvalent (HPV9)

35
Q

What do HPV VLP vaccines protect against?

A

-Protects against strains
-6,11 (75-90% genital warts)
-16,18 (70% cervical cancer)
-31,33, 45, 52, 58

36
Q

What is the genome and structure of the Adenovirus family?

A

DNA genome, double stranded and linear
Icosahedral capsid symmetry, naked

37
Q

Where is the Adenovirus family replicated?

A

-Nuclear

38
Q

How many serotypes does the Adenovirus family have?

A

> 51 serotypes, each can cause varying symptoms

39
Q

Transcription process for Adenovirus family?

A
  1. Due to linear genome, transcription units encode on BOTH strands of the DNA
  2. Immediate Early Genes (E1A/E1B) code for regulatory transactivators
  3. Early Genes (E3-E4) code for viral replication proteins
  4. Late Genes (L1-L5) code for capsid (structural) proteins
40
Q

What can adenovirus genome be used for?

A

Can be used as gene therapy or vaccine vector

41
Q

Clinical Symptoms and transmission of Adenovirus

A

Endemic respiratory infection in children (50% asymptomatic)
-Transmission- respiratory (aerosol) and fecal oral (two strains)

42
Q

List of respiratory infections that affect infants and toddlers due to adenovirus

A

-Infants: Nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, bronchitis, and pneumonia in colder areas
-Toddlers: Pharyngitis

43
Q

What are the diseases by serotype for adenoviruses?

A

-Pharynigitis (Serotypes 1,2,3,5,7)
-Epidemic Keratoconjunctivits (8,18,27)
-Acute infantile gastroenteritis (40,41)

44
Q

What is the genome and structure of the Herpesviridae family?

A

DNA Genome: Large, ds, enveloped (studded w/ viral glycoproteins)
Iscohedral capsid symmetry

45
Q

Where is Herpesviridae replicated?

A

Nuclear replication

46
Q

Subfamilies of Herpesviridae family

A
  1. Alphaherpesvirinae
  2. Betaherpesvirinae
    3.Gammaherpesvirinae
47
Q

Explain the viral gene expression for herpesviridae family

A

Use Immediate early gene code for transactivators
Early Gene–> DNA replication
Late Gene–> Assembly (capsid)

48
Q

Example HSV-1 Latency

A
  1. Migration: virus must travel from site of infection to site of latency
  2. Maintenance of episome: circular genome in complex with histones
  3. Latent Associated Transcript: Expressed during latency but not required (HSV-1: single transcript (LAT))
  4. Stress reactivates the virus
49
Q

Characteristics of Alphaherpesvirinae

A

-Efficient destruction of infected cells
-Capacity to establish latent infections primarily in SENSORY GANGLIA

50
Q

Examples of Alphaherpesvirinae

A

Herpes simplex virus type-1 and 2 (HSV-1 and -2)
-Causative agents of oral and genital herpes
Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV/HHV-3)
-causative agent for chicken pox and measles

51
Q

Characteristic of Betaherpesvirinae

A

-Frequent enlargement of infected cells
-Capacity to establish latent effects primarily in SECRETORY GLANDS, lymphoreticular cells, kidneys

52
Q

Examples of Betaherpesvirinae

A

Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV/HHV-5)
-causative agent of birth effects
Human Herpesviruses 6 and 7 (HHV-6 and -7)
-HHV-6 causes roseola in infants
-HHV-6 integrate into telomeres, associated with neurological defects

53
Q

Characteristics of Gammaherpesvirinae

A

-Usually specific for either T or B lymphocytes
-Capacity to establish latent infections primarily in LYMPHOID TISSUE

54
Q

Examples of Gammaherpesvirinae

A

Kaposi’s Sacrcoma Herpes Virus (KSHV/HHV-8)
-Causative agent of Kaposi Sacroma
Epstein Barr Virus (EBV/HHV-4)
-Causative agent of mononucleosis Burkett lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma

55
Q

What is the genome and structure of the Orthopoxvirus (pox) family?

A

-DNA genome: ds linear, enveloped
-Complex structure

56
Q

Where is the pox family replicated?

A

Cytoplasmic

57
Q

Examples of pox family viruses

A

-Variola virus (smallpox)
-infects only humans; fatality ~30%
-Cowpox
-Rodent reservoir (cows, cats, humans are ancillary host)
-Monkeypox

58
Q

What is Vaccina?

A

Smallpox vaccine
-Laboratory strain, closely related to rabbitpox

59
Q

How is monkeypox transmitted and what are the symptoms?

A

Transmission
-Direct contact, contact with contaminated items, contact with respiratory secretion, vertical transmission
Symptoms
-Enlarged lymph nodes, rash, fever, malaise, chills, pruitis, headache, myalgia

Microbiology (18 decks)

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