Exam3

Question 1

What role do females play in murder arrests ?

Answer 1

Guys are arrested more for more violent crimes. 65 girls 18 & younger were arrested for murder charges in 08 compared to 900 boys. Increase in female arrests are due to police arrests.

Question 2

What did Lombroso believe about female criminality ?

Answer 2

Women who committed crimes could be distinguished from “normal” women by physical characteristics. Delinquent females appeared closer to men.

Question 3

Chivalry Hypothesis

Answer 3

View that low female crime and delinquency rates are a reflection of the leniency with which police treat female offenders.

Question 4

Why does fried believe females are involved in criminality ?

Answer 4

Penis envy- they have to prove themselves.

Question 5

Why are girls who reach puberty at a younger age are at high risk?

Answer 5

Early sexuality, in jeopardy for antisocial behavior, more likely to feel pressured into sex drugs smoking and substance abuse.

Question 6

What do bio theorists say about delinquency ?

Answer 6

They link behavior to hormonal influences

Question 7

Girls Vs Boys in Juvenile Justice system

Answer 7

Some critics believe that girls more than boys are still disadvantaged if their behavior is viewed as morally incorrect by govt officials or if they’re considered beyond parental control.

Girls may still be subject to harsh punishments if they’re considered dangerously immoral

Girls are more likely to be arrested for sexual activity and ignore same behaviors for males

Question 8

Make up of families with two parent homes

Answer 8

85% of Asian children
78% white
70% Hispanic
38% Black

Question 9

Makeup of families going through separation or divorce

Answer 9

40% European American

75% African American

Question 10

American child poverty rate

Answer 10

15% and some areas 25%

Question 11

Four categories of family dysfunction

Answer 11

Families disrupted by spousal conflict or breakup
Family conflict
Family effectiveness
Family deviance

Question 12

Blended family

Answer 12

Nuclear families that are the product of divorce and remarriage, blending one parent from each of two families and their combined children into one family unit.

Question 13

Resource Dilution

Answer 13

Condition that occurs when parents have such large families that their resources such as time and money are spread too thin causing lack of familial support and control

Question 14

What happens in larger families?

Answer 14

More children in a family the greater the chance of youthful misbehavior, less money to go around and more economic stress. - can correlate to delinquency

Question 15

Physical Neglect

Answer 15

Passive neglect by parent of guardian depriving child of food, shelter, health care and love.

Question 16

Child abuse

Answer 16

Any physical, emotional, or sexual trauma to a child including neglecting to give proper care and attention for which no reasonable explanation can be found.

Question 17

Abandonment

Answer 17

Parents physically leave their children with the intention of completely severing the parent-child relationship.

Question 18

Physical abuse

Answer 18

Throwing, shooting, stabbing, burning, drowning, suffocation biting it diliberately disfiguring a child.

Question 19

Emotional abuse

Answer 19

Manifested by constant criticism and rejection

Question 20

Emotional neglect

Answer 20

Inadequate nurturing and inattention to child

Question 21

Sexual abuse

Answer 21

Exploitation to child through rape, incest, or molestation

Question 22

Who is more likely to be victimized by child neglect?

Answer 22

Parents who suffered from abuse
Presence of unrelated adult increases risk
Isolate and alienated families

Rates are higher for younger children
African America, Pacific Islander, American Indian or Alaska native children far higher than others

Question 23

What factors play a role in inter generational deviance?

Answer 23

Children of deviant parents become deviant themselves

Genetic factors
Substance abuse
Parenting skills
Stigma

Question 24

What happens in trial ?

Answer 24

Court decides whether allegations of abuse are supported by evidence

Question 25

How can a child get around testifying against accuser ?

Answer 25

Video taped statements
Interviews with child witnesses taken at preliminary hearing/ formal disposition
Most states now allow a child’s testimony to be given on closed-circuit tv

Question 26

Effects of good parenting

Answer 26

Delinquency will be reduced if at least one parent can provide parental efficacy
Parents who closely supervise their children and have close ties with them reduce the likelihood of delinquent behavior

Question 27

Consequences of physical abuse

Answer 27

More likely to be arrested later for violent crimes

Question 28

Co offending

Answer 28

By definition, gangs involve multiple individuals (the exact number of individuals it takes to constitute a gang is a hotly debated topic), typically of a similar age and/or shared experience, who may or may not co-offend (again, an important area of dissention).

Question 29

Impact of peers

Answer 29

In adolescence friends begin to hear greater influence over decision making than parents

Kids strive for peer approval in mid adolescent

Adolescents with delinquent friends are more likely to engage in antisocial behavior and drug abuse

Question 30

Different types of gangs

Answer 30

Social gang: some minor drug and alcohol use, social activities

Party: drug use and sales

Serious delinquent: focus on delinquent activity but not drug use

Organized: serious delinquent behavior

Question 31

Relationship between abuse neglect and delinquency

Answer 31

School failure