Exam3 Flashcards
What role do females play in murder arrests ?
Guys are arrested more for more violent crimes. 65 girls 18 & younger were arrested for murder charges in 08 compared to 900 boys. Increase in female arrests are due to police arrests.
What did Lombroso believe about female criminality ?
Women who committed crimes could be distinguished from “normal” women by physical characteristics. Delinquent females appeared closer to men.
Chivalry Hypothesis
View that low female crime and delinquency rates are a reflection of the leniency with which police treat female offenders.
Why does fried believe females are involved in criminality ?
Penis envy- they have to prove themselves.
Why are girls who reach puberty at a younger age are at high risk?
Early sexuality, in jeopardy for antisocial behavior, more likely to feel pressured into sex drugs smoking and substance abuse.
What do bio theorists say about delinquency ?
They link behavior to hormonal influences
Girls Vs Boys in Juvenile Justice system
Some critics believe that girls more than boys are still disadvantaged if their behavior is viewed as morally incorrect by govt officials or if they’re considered beyond parental control.
Girls may still be subject to harsh punishments if they’re considered dangerously immoral
Girls are more likely to be arrested for sexual activity and ignore same behaviors for males
Make up of families with two parent homes
85% of Asian children
78% white
70% Hispanic
38% Black
Makeup of families going through separation or divorce
40% European American
75% African American
American child poverty rate
15% and some areas 25%
Four categories of family dysfunction
Families disrupted by spousal conflict or breakup
Family conflict
Family effectiveness
Family deviance
Blended family
Nuclear families that are the product of divorce and remarriage, blending one parent from each of two families and their combined children into one family unit.
Resource Dilution
Condition that occurs when parents have such large families that their resources such as time and money are spread too thin causing lack of familial support and control
What happens in larger families?
More children in a family the greater the chance of youthful misbehavior, less money to go around and more economic stress. - can correlate to delinquency
Physical Neglect
Passive neglect by parent of guardian depriving child of food, shelter, health care and love.
Child abuse
Any physical, emotional, or sexual trauma to a child including neglecting to give proper care and attention for which no reasonable explanation can be found.
Abandonment
Parents physically leave their children with the intention of completely severing the parent-child relationship.
Physical abuse
Throwing, shooting, stabbing, burning, drowning, suffocation biting it diliberately disfiguring a child.
Emotional abuse
Manifested by constant criticism and rejection
Emotional neglect
Inadequate nurturing and inattention to child
Sexual abuse
Exploitation to child through rape, incest, or molestation
Who is more likely to be victimized by child neglect?
Parents who suffered from abuse
Presence of unrelated adult increases risk
Isolate and alienated families
Rates are higher for younger children
African America, Pacific Islander, American Indian or Alaska native children far higher than others
What factors play a role in inter generational deviance?
Children of deviant parents become deviant themselves
Genetic factors
Substance abuse
Parenting skills
Stigma
What happens in trial ?
Court decides whether allegations of abuse are supported by evidence
How can a child get around testifying against accuser ?
Video taped statements
Interviews with child witnesses taken at preliminary hearing/ formal disposition
Most states now allow a child’s testimony to be given on closed-circuit tv
Effects of good parenting
Delinquency will be reduced if at least one parent can provide parental efficacy
Parents who closely supervise their children and have close ties with them reduce the likelihood of delinquent behavior
Consequences of physical abuse
More likely to be arrested later for violent crimes
Co offending
By definition, gangs involve multiple individuals (the exact number of individuals it takes to constitute a gang is a hotly debated topic), typically of a similar age and/or shared experience, who may or may not co-offend (again, an important area of dissention).
Impact of peers
In adolescence friends begin to hear greater influence over decision making than parents
Kids strive for peer approval in mid adolescent
Adolescents with delinquent friends are more likely to engage in antisocial behavior and drug abuse
Different types of gangs
Social gang: some minor drug and alcohol use, social activities
Party: drug use and sales
Serious delinquent: focus on delinquent activity but not drug use
Organized: serious delinquent behavior
Relationship between abuse neglect and delinquency
School failure
