exam3 Flashcards
Ethics
a set of moral principles that guide the conduct of an individual/group in their personal and group endeavors. Helps determine right from wrong.
Where do ethics come from…
Morals, values, culture, religion
Begins in childhood in our family, socialization, culture and religious beliefs
Social norms, authority figures in our lives
Ethical Dilemma or Conflict
When a choice must be made between two equally compelling or appealing actions
There is no clear cut solution to the issue
Ethical dilemmas generally fall into 3 perspectives:
Personal- being pressured by your department head to treat the pts in order to make sure you have met the billing quota for the month
Organizational-above mentioned example
Societal- isolation of pts with TB or polio from their communities and families
HC professionals must balance ____, ____, and ____morality.
personal
societal
organizational
Personal morality
values, beliefs, rules, duties you see as being relevant
Ex-your religion does not embrace the concept of abortion or assisted suicide
Societal morality
often a reflection of the culture or society from which someone is coming from
Ex-physician assisted suicide is a major issue in this country but not in all other countries
Organizational (Institutional) morality
The moral values of a group or subgroup (an organization, religious group, club, etc.).
A subgroup you will now be a part of is a health care professional subgroup (e.g. occupational therapy assistant). The institution is AOTA
OT Code of Ethics
1)AOTA Code of Ethic 2015
2)Maryland State Board of Occupational Therapy Practice Code of Ethic.
As a professional you are expected to uphold these Codes of Ethics
Purpose of the OT Code of Ethics
Provides core values to guide OTP
Provides enforceable “principles and Standards of Conduct”
States to the public behaviors to expect from OTP
The profession is grounded in 7 core values:
Altruism- concern for others Equality Freedom Justice- recognizing diverse communities Dignity Truth Prudence- no snap decisions with ethical dilemma
Beneficence
Acts of mercy/kindness
Preventing harm
Protecting and defending
Nonmaleficence
Take reasonable precautions to avoid imposing harm upon pt
Use procedures considered part of standards of practice
Goals justify risks
Maintain a professional relationship
Avoid being “under the influence”
Autonomy
Establish a collaborative relationship Obtain consent Respect client’s right to refuse Ensure confidentiality Treat client according to his/her desires
Justice
Fair, equitable, appropriate treatment
Interact in a respectful and impartial manner
Respect and maintain awareness of laws and policies regarding practice
Address barriers to access of services
Refrain from actions such as sharing of educational info (test questions)
Veracity
Respect towards others
Represent yourself accurately
Disclose any info that may pose a conflict of interest in your employment or treating of pts
Refrain from fraudulent, deceptive statements
Report accurately and in a timely manner all info related to OT services
Ensure “marketing” of OT services is truthful
Fidelity
Accurately reflect work done by others (citations)
Report violations of the standards of practice and/or code of ethics
Respect private info about colleagues
Avoid conflict of interest between job and other roles
Use conflict resolution to resolve issues between staff
Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act
On March 23, 2010 President Obama signed into law
Now referred to as the Affordable Care Act (ACA)
What the Affordable Care Act has done…
Cannot deny children with pre-existing conditions
Ins co face strong restrictions if coverage is denied after a person files a claim
No lifetime limits on benefits
Coverage for children up to 26 y.
Free preventative services
Close the “donut hole” over the next 10yrs
The “Donut Hole”
The coverage gap when both the patient and Medicare have paid a certain amount.
Transparency (2011)
Coverage of immunizations and preventive care with no cost sharing
Insurance cannot place life time cap on coverage (e.g. up to 1mm). Can still limit number of treatment sessions and type of treatment
Medicare patients get 50% discount on medications
Free preventative services to seniors
Flexible Spending Account
Contributions to FSA is limited to $2550
ACA Grace period/ or carrying into the next year (limit of $500)
2014 Insurance Compliance
Guaranteed coverage for an adult with or w/o a pre-existing condition
Everyone must carry HC ins or pay a penalty
Companies with 50+ workers must offer HC coverage or face a fine of $2000 per employee
What the state exchanges must provide (core benefits):
Doctor and ER visits, hospitalization, maternity and pediatric care,
Prescriptions and medical tests
Mental health care and substance abuse treatment.
Preventive care
