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Med bac exam 2 > exam2 > Flashcards

exam2 Flashcards

1
Q

Members of the ____ genus have a prominent capsule that causes mucoid colonies and enhanced virulence in vivo

A

Klebsiella

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2
Q

most commonly isolated members of Klebsiella are

A

pneumoniae and oxytoca

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3
Q

Klebsiella pneumoniae and oxytoca can cause

A

lobar pneumonia (community or hospital-acquired); wound and soft tissue infections and UTIs

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4
Q

lobar pneumonia involves

A

Necrotic destruction of alveolar spaces, cavitation, production of blood-tinged sputum

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5
Q

Klebsiella granulomatis causes

A

granuloma inguinale

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6
Q

Klebsiella granulomatis transmitted by

A

repeated exposure through sexual intercourse or nonsexual trauma to genitalia

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7
Q

nodules subsequently breakdown, revealing granulomatous lesions that can extend and coalesce into ulcers resembling _____

A

sphylitic lesions

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8
Q

_____ causes a granulomatous disease of the nose

A

Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis

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9
Q

____ causes chronic atrophic rhinitis

A

Klebsiella ozaenae

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10
Q

primary causes infection of urinary tract including bladder and kidney infection

A

Proteus mirabilis

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11
Q

Proteus mirabilis produces large quantities of ____, which turns urea into carbon dioxide and ammonia

A

urease

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12
Q

increases the pH of urine, which leads to precipitation of magnesium and calcium and results in ____

A

kidney stones

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13
Q

Proteus species often display ______ on agar plates

A

swarming motility

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14
Q

____ can colonize virtually any body site and are a significant source of morbidity and mortality; infections are linked to surgical wounds and patients who stay in ICUs

A

Enterobacter

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15
Q

____ has a predilection for causing meningitis and brain abscesses in neonates and other members of the genus are also common causes of UTI

A

Citrobacter koseri

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16
Q

___ may infect many different body sites but is particularly known for causing UTIs and wound infections, particularly in postoperative patients

A

Morganella

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17
Q

___ tends to colonize urinary and respiratory tracts, but can cause infections to soft tissues and wounds. Most outbreaks are linked to contaminated hospital equipment

A

Serratia

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18
Q

commercial immunoassays or molecular probes used to detect _____ proteins or _____ directly

A

shiga toxin proteins or shiga toxin genes

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19
Q

cold enrichment may be used for ____

A

Yersinia enterocolitica

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20
Q

increased resistance to penicillins and cephalosporins is mediated by _____

A

extended-spectrum B-lactamases (ESBLs)

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21
Q

non-lactose fermenter, produce H2S

A

Salmonella

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22
Q

most clinically important isolates are from the single species Salmonella ____

A

enterica

23
Q

membrane surrounding internal organs; this membrane that connects the intestines to the abdominal wall is called

A

mesentery

24
Q

route of particles through digestive system

A

stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, colon, out

25
Q

intestinal absorptive cell; epithelial cell lining the gut from the small intestine to the colon

A

enterocyte

26
Q

small lymph follicles beneth the gut eptithelium that interact with antigens in the gut

A

Peyer’s patch

27
Q

Cells in the ____, trap foreign particles, surveille them, and destroy invaders by stimulating an immune response

A

Peyer’s patch

28
Q

what kind of cells do Peyer’s patch have?

A

macrophages, dendritic cells, B cells, and T cells

29
Q

when b cell and t cells become activated by a foreign antigen, they travel to the _____ to activate an immune response

A

mesenteric lymph nodes

30
Q

specialized cells in epithelium above Peyer’s patches that take up antigens from the gut lumen and present them to immune cells within Peyer’s patches

A

M cell

31
Q

most enterocolitic E.coli infections involve cells attaching to and secreting virulence factors into typical absorptive enterocyte in the small intestine

A

ETEC, EPEC, EAEC

32
Q

most enterocolitic E.coli infections involve cells attaching to and secreting virulence factors into typical absorptive enterocyte in the colon

A

STEC, EIEC

33
Q

Yersinia enterocolitica cells can cross the gut epithelium either through M cells or

A

enterocytes

34
Q

Enterocolitis caused by Yersinia involves the ____, and the mesenteric lymph nodes

A

terminal ileum

35
Q

which cells do not directly invade enterocytes from the gut lumen?

A

Shigella

36
Q

which cells attach to and invade M cells to cross the epithelium before invading enterocyte from the basolateral side

A

Shigella

37
Q

The major pathway of Salmonella

A

invasion is by endocytosis by M cells; M cells then ‘pass’ the bacteria to macrophage in the Peyer’s patch

38
Q

second pathway of Salmonella

A

bacteria enter enterocytes by endocytosis

39
Q

third pathway of Salmonella

A

bacteria are directly taken up in the lumen via phagocytosis by dendritic cells that extend projections across the epithelium

40
Q

Salmonella cells tolerate the acidity of phagocytic vesicles and replicate within the ____

A

phagosome

41
Q

encodes Samonella-secreted invasion protein (Ssp) genes and T3SS I that injects proteins into host cell

A

Pathogenicity island I (PAI I)

42
Q

encodes genes allowing evasion of host immune response and T3SS II for this function

A

Pathogenicity island II (PAI II)

43
Q

Salmonella stimulates ___ production, resulting in fluid release into gut. which causes

A

cAMP; diarrhea

44
Q

transported by macrophage to the liver, spleen, and bone marrow and replicate; leading to the development of enteric fever.

A

typhoid strains

45
Q

typhoid vs non typhoid. survive in gall bladder, which is a source of asymptomatic and chronic carriage

A

typhoid stains

46
Q

most common form of salmonellosis in U.S.

A

gastroenteritis

47
Q

nausea, vomiting, non-bloody diarrhea, fever, myalgia, abdominal cramps, headaches are symptoms of

A

salmonellosis gasteroenteritis

48
Q

septicemia mostly seen with

A

Salmonella typhi, paratyphi, choleraesuis

49
Q

chronic colonization of gall bladder for more than 1 year after symptoms subside (1%-5% of Typhi and paratyphi patients)

A

Asymptomatic colonization

50
Q

Vi capsular polysaccharide vaccine is for

A

Salmonella typhi

51
Q

Shigella cells lyse the phagocytic vesicle and replicate within the host cell ____

A

cytoplasm

52
Q

shigella induction of apoptosis in phagocytes leads to the release of ____, which attracts ____ to the site of infection

A

IL-1B; polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs)

53
Q

Shigellosis transmitted by

A

person-to-person via fecal-oral route

54
Q

lower abdominal cramps, tenesmus (straining to defecate), with abundant pus and blood in the stool are the characteristic features of

A

shigellosis

Med bac exam 2 (3 decks)

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