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ISS 220 > Exam2 > Flashcards

Exam2 Flashcards

1
Q

Primates

A

Class: Order

Members: all primates

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2
Q

Strepsirhini

A

Type: suborder

Members: Lemurs and Lorises

split nose

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3
Q

haplorhini

A

type: suborder
members: all non lorises and lemurs

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4
Q

Who is in the parvorders taxonomy group?

A

platyrrhini & catarrhini

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5
Q

Who is in the superfamilies taxonomy group?

A

lemuroidea, lorisoidea, cercopithecoidea, hominoidea

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6
Q

Who is in the families taxonomy group?

A

pitheciidae, cebidae, atelidae, hylobatidae, hominoidea

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7
Q

Who is in the subfamilies taxonomy group?

A

cercopithecinae, colobinae

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8
Q

Name the Geographic range, diet, locomotion, social structure, & unique features of a Ring-Tailed Lemur.

A

Suborder: Strepsirhini
Infraorder: Lemuriformes
Geographic Range: Madagascar
Diet: dont need to know
Locomotion: terrestrial quadrepedal
Social Structure: 10-25 males and females (dominant)
Unique Features: greater olfactory capabilities (cow nose [rhinarium]), eyes placed to side of the face, dental comb (forward projected canines and lower incisors), retention claw

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9
Q

Name the Geographic range, diet, locomotion, social structure, & unique features of a Sifaka.

A

Suborder: Strepsirrhini
Infraorder: Lemuriformes
Geographic Range: Madagascar
Diet: dont need to know
Locomotion: vertical clinging and leaping
Social Structure:dont need to know
Unique Features: greater olfactory capabilities (cow nose [rhinarium]), eyes placed to side of the face, dental comb (forward projected canines and lower incisors), retention claw

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10
Q

Name the Geographic range, diet, locomotion, social structure, & unique features of an Aye-Aye.

A

Suborder: Strepsirrhini
Infraorder: lemuriformes
Geographic Range: Madagascar
Diet: insects and grubs found in bark
Locomotion: quadrapedally
Social Structure: unknown but found alone
Unique Features: elongated finger to tap along bark, unique dental formula among all mammals, one upper molar

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11
Q

Name the Geographic range, diet, locomotion, social structure, & unique features of a Slow Loris.

A

Suborder: Strepsirrhini
Infraorder: Lorisiformes
Geographic Range: India, Sri Lanka, Southeast Asia, Africa
Diet: insects, fruit, plants, leaves, small mammals
Locomotion: slow climbing, cautious
Social Structure: Solitary
Unique Features: large forwards facing eyes

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12
Q

Name the Geographic range, diet, locomotion, social structure, & unique features of a Galago.

A

Suborder: Strepsirrhini
Infraorder: Lorisiformes
Geographic Range: Sub-Saharan Africa
Diet: animal prey, fruit and gum
Locomotion: quadrepedal
Social Structure: Solitary
Unique Features: bushbaby, oversized ears

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13
Q

Name the Geographic range, diet, locomotion, social structure, & unique features of Tarsiers.

A

Suborder: Haplorrhini
Infraorder: Tarsiiformes
Geographic Range: Southeast Asian islands
Diet: nocturnal insectivores
Locomotion: leaping
Social Structure: dont need to know
Unique Features: crazy eyes, can rotate heads 180 degrees

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14
Q

Name the Geographic range, diet, locomotion, social structure, & unique features of Howler Monkeys.

A

Suborder: Haplorrhini
Infraorder: Anthropedae

Parvorder: Platyrrhini

Family: Atelldae

Geographic Range: neotropical South America
Diet: fruits and leaves
Locomotion: quadrapedally with tails for support
Social Structure: 3-19, with a few males/females and large dominant male, young leave group once mature
Unique Features: extremely loud howls

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15
Q

Name the Geographic range, diet, locomotion, social structure, & unique features of Spider Monkeys.

A

Suborder: Haplorrhini
Infraorder: Anthropedae

Family: Atelldae

Parvorder: Platyrrhini
Geographic Range: eastern South America
Diet: mostly fruit
Locomotion: quadrapedal with support tails
Social Structure: large groups
Unique Features: biggest new word monkeys

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16
Q

Name the Geographic range, diet, locomotion, social structure, & unique features of Capuchins.

A

Suborder: Haplorrhini
Infraorder: Anthropedea

Parvorder: Platyrrhini

Family: Cebidae
Geographic Range: South America
Diet: fruits, insects, leaves, nectar, nuts
Locomotion: quadrepedal
Social Structure: class system
Unique Features: large groups with an alpha male and a lotta sex

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17
Q

Name the Geographic range, diet, locomotion, social structure, & unique features of Owl Monkeys.

A

Suborder: Haplorrhini
Infraorder: Anthropedae

Parvorder: Platyrrhini

Family: Cebidae
Geographic Range: Central America and Northern South America
Diet: omivore
Locomotion: quadrapedal and leaping
Social Structure: 2-5 close knit groups
Unique Features: active at night, specialized night vision

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18
Q

Name the Geographic range, diet, locomotion, social structure, & unique features of Tamirins.

A

Suborder: Haplorrhini
Infraorder: Anthropedae

Parvorder: Platyrrhini

Family: Cebidae
Geographic Range: South America
Diet: insects, fruits, and reptiles
Locomotion: quadrapedal running, bounding, and galloping
Social Structure: multi-generations groups of 2-7
Unique Features: specialized nails

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19
Q

Name the Geographic range, diet, locomotion, social structure, & unique features of Savanna Baboons.

A

Suborder: Haplorrhini
Infraorder: Anthropoidae

Parvorder: Catarrhini

Superfamily: Cercopithecoidea

Subfamily: Cercopithecinae
Geographic Range: Central Africa
Diet: diverse omnivores
Locomotion: quadrapedally
Social Structure: multi-male/female groups, high competition for females
Unique Features: yellow

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20
Q

Name the Geographic range, diet, locomotion, social structure, & unique features of Desert Baboons.

A

Suborder: Haplorrhini
Infraorder: Anthropoidae
Parvorder: Catarrhini
Superfamily: Cercopithecoidea
Subfamily: Cercopithecinae
Geographic Range: Northeast Africa (Ethiopia, Sudan)
Diet:
Locomotion: quadrapedal
Social Structure: XL groups, up to 800 individuals, one male harem, violent (neck-biting)
Unique Features: bushy silver colored mane

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21
Q

Name the Geographic range, diet, locomotion, social structure, & unique features of Geladas.

A

Suborder: Haplorrhini
Infraorder: Anthropoidae
Parvorder: Cercopithecine
Superfamily: Cercopithecoidea
Subfamily: Cercopithecinae
Geographic Range: Ethiopia
Diet: folivore
Social Structure: one male heram, loose

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22
Q

Name the Geographic range, diet, locomotion, social structure, & unique features of Patas.

A

Suborder: Haplorrhini
Infraorder: Anthropoidae
Parvorder: Catarrhini
Superfamily: Cercopithecoidea
Subfamily: Cercopithecinae
Geographic Range: Sub-Saharan Africa
Diet: folivore
Social Structure: one male harem, males very separate from females

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23
Q

Name the Geographic range, diet, locomotion, social structure, & unique features of Japanese Macaque.

A

Suborder: Haplorrhini
Infraorder: Simiiformes
Parvorder: Catarrhini
Superfamily: Cercopithecoidea
Subfamily: Cercopithecinae
Geographic Range: Japan
Diet: omnivorous (they are the sweet potato eaters from the video)
Social Structure:multiple male/multiple female

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24
Q

Name the Geographic range, diet, locomotion, social structure, & unique features of Colubus Monkey.

A

Suborder: Haplorrhini
Infraorder: Simiiformes
Parvorder: catarrhini
Superfamily: Cercopithecoidea
Subfamily: Colobinae
Geographic Range: Africa
Diet: leaves and fruit
Locomotion: quadrapedal

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25
Q

Name the Geographic range, diet, locomotion, social structure, & unique features of Hing Chen Langurs

A

Suborder:Haplorrhini
Infraorder: Anthropoidae
Parvorder: Catarrhini
Superfamily: Cercopithecoidea
Subfamily:Colobinae
Geographic Range: Asia (India and Pakistan)
Diet: folivore
Social Structure: 2 types: more food = multi-male/multi-female, forest & less food = one-male harem

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26
Q

Name the Geographic range, diet, locomotion, social structure, & unique features of Gibbons.

A

Suborder: Haplorrhini
Infraorder: Anthropoidae
Parvorder: Catarrhini
Superfamily: Hominoidea
Family: Hylobatidae
Geographic Range: Central Africa
Diet: fruits and leaves
Locomotion: brachiator
Social Structure: pair-bonded
Unique Features: “singing apes of asia”

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27
Q

Name the Geographic range, diet, locomotion, social structure, & unique features of Orangutans.

A

Suborder: Haplorrhini
Infraorder: Anthropoidae
Parvorder: Catarrhini
Superfamily: Hominoidea
Family: Hominidae
Geographic Range: Borneo and Sumatra
Diet: frigivorous
Locomotion: four handed
Social Structure: solitary

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28
Q

Name the Geographic range, diet, locomotion, social structure, & unique features of Chimpanzees.

A

Suborder: Haplorrhini
Infraorder: Simiiformes
Parvorder: Catarrhini
Superfamily: Hominoidea
Family: Hominidae
Geographic Range: equatorial Africa
Diet: fruit and leaves
Locomotion: quadrapedal knuckle walking, bipedal walking, brachiating
Social Structure: large fluid communities

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29
Q

Name the Geographic range, diet, locomotion, social structure, & unique features of Gorillas.

A

Suborder: Haplorrhini
Infraorder: Simiiformes
Parvorder: Catarrhini
Superfamily: Hominoidea
Family: Hominidae
Geographic Range: Central Africa
Diet: folivore
Social Structure: silverback male

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30
Q

What is the Arboreal hypothesis?

A

Over time primates found their niche in the trees

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31
Q

What is the Visual Predator hypothesis?

A

Forward facing eyes arent common, color vision mmay have arisen in response to the demand for fine visual and tactile discrimination

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32
Q

What is the Angiosperm Hypothesis?

A

primates underwent adaptive radiation to follow the radiation of certain angiosperms and that their unique traits are the result of a necessity to forage those plants

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33
Q

What is the dental formula for Old World Monkeys?

A
  1. 1.2.3 (upper)
  2. 1.2.3 (lower)
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34
Q

What is the dental formula for New World Monkeys?

A

2.1.3.3

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35
Q

What is binocular vision?

A

vision characterized by overlapping visual fields provided by forward facing eyes (essential to depth perception)

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36
Q

What is stereoscopic vision?

A

able to see in 3d

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37
Q

What is diurnal?

A

active during the da;y

38
Q

What is in Strepsirhines suborder?

A

Lemurs and Lorises

39
Q

What are features of Strepsirhines?

A 
Tapetum lucidum (reflects visible light back)
 Rhinarium (cow nose)
 Grooming claw (retention of a claw)
 Dental comb (foward projecting lower incisors and canines)
40
Q

What is adaptive radiation?

A

process in which organisms diversify rapidly into a multitude of new forms

41
Q

What is in the Haplorhini suborder?

A

Tarsiers, monkeys, apes, and humans

42
Q

What is a Haplorhini characteristic?

A

dry nose

43
Q

What are some Anthopoidea characteristics?

A

AnthropoideaMonkeys, apes, and humans - Differ from prosimians in a variety of ways (Larger body, Larger brain- to- body size ratio, More sexually dimorohic, Less specialized dentition = fewer premolars, Greater reliance on vision than on smell, post- orbital closure, Diurnal rather than nocturnal) - Two infraorders (Platyrrhines, Catarrhines)

44
Q

Platyrrhine

A

“Broad-nosed” - 2.1.3.3/2

45
Q

Prehensile Tail

A

Used in suspensory locomotion - Not in Old World monkeys

46
Q

Catarrhine characteristics

A

“Hook-nosed” - 2.1.2.3

47
Q

Cercopithecoidea

A

type: superfamily
members: old world monkeys

48
Q

What are Ischial callosities?

A

baboon butts

49
Q

What is sexual dimorphism?

A

differences in characteristics between males and females in a species

50
Q

What are characteristics of cercopithecinae?

A

type: subfamily of Old World Monkeys
members: baboons, macaques, others
trait: cheek pouches

51
Q

What are characteristics of Colobinae?

A

subfamily

leaf-eating

52
Q

What are characteristics of Hominoidea?

A

type: superfamily
membes: apes and humans
traits: larger, no tail and generally more complex

53
Q

What are charateristics of Hylobatidae?

A

type: family
members: lesser apes (gibbons and siamangs)
traits: brachiation, longer arms than legs

54
Q

What are characteristics of Hominidae?

A

type: family
members: great apes and humans

55
Q

What is behavorial ecology?

A

the study of the evolution of behavior, emphasizing the role of ecological factors as agents of natural selection

56
Q

What is a monogomous pair?

A

social structure with a mated pair and their young

57
Q

What is polyandrous?

A

social structure of one female and two males (seen in some New World monkeys

58
Q

What are some factors influencing social structure?

A

body size, basal metabolic rate, diet, distribution of resources, predation, dispersal, life histories, strategies, sleeping sites, activity patterns, and humans

59
Q

What is K-selected?

A

reproductive strategy with low birth rates and high care

60
Q

What is R-selected?

A

reproductive strategy with high birth rate and less care

61
Q

What is sexual selection?

A

traits that one sex develop to impress the other sex (more colors on mandrills)

62
Q

What is infanticide?

A

Killing infants to gain a place in the group and increase sexual chances

63
Q

anthropoidea

A

Type: infraorder

members: monkeys, apes, and humans

64
Q

tarsiiformes

A

type: infraorder
members: tarsians

65
Q

lemuroidea

A

type: subfamily
members: lemurs

66
Q

lorisoidea

A

type: superfamily
members: lorises and galagos

67
Q

pitheciidae

A

type: family
members: sakis, titis, uakaris

68
Q

cebidae

A

type: family
members: owl, squirell, capuchins

69
Q

atelidae

A

type: family
members: howlers, spiders

70
Q

colobinae

A

type: subfamily
members: Langurs, Colobus, Monkeys, Proboscis Monkeys
traits: Mostly folivorous (Sacculated stomachs, Bilophondont teeth)

71
Q
A

sifaka

72
Q
A

ring-tailed lemur

73
Q
A

desert baboon

74
Q
A

colobus monkey

75
Q
A

owl monkey

76
Q
A

hanuman langur

77
Q
A

savanna baboon

78
Q
A

gibbon

79
Q
A

tamarin

80
Q
A

howler monkeys

81
Q
A

japanese macaque

82
Q
A

galago

83
Q
A

gelada

84
Q
A

aye-aye

85
Q
A

patas monkey

86
Q
A

slow loris

87
Q
A

spider monkey

88
Q
A

capuchin

89
Q
A

tarsier

90
Q
A
91
Q
A

ISS 220 (6 decks)

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