Exam1 - (4) Bacterial Genetics Flashcards

1
Q

What are three potential fates of DNA that enter bacteria?

A

1-Degradation (to be recycled)
2-Integration into a plasmid
3-Integration into the chromosome

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2
Q

Restriction enzymes act on sections of DNA known as

A

Recognition sequences

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3
Q

What are three methods for introduction of DNA into bacteria?

A

1-Transformation (DNA absorbed into competent bacteria)
2-Transduction (Phage (Lytic and Lysogenic pathways))
3-Conjugation (transfer of DNA from cell to cell contact)

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4
Q

How is conjugation carried out?

A

with a sex pillis from an F+ cell to an F- cell (then becomes F+). A single strand of the DNA is broken and then is transferred through pilli in a rolling circle.

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5
Q

Changes to a bacterial genome occur:

A

constantly

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6
Q

Three ways bacterial genomes can be altered:

A

1-Mutations
2-Transposible elements
3-Recombination

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7
Q

Of the 100 trillion cells in the human body, what percent are actually human cells?

A

<10%

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8
Q

What percent of volume do human body bacteria makeup?

A

<10%

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9
Q

Body bacterial compostions vary by _____ and between _____.

A
  • location on the body

- individuals

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10
Q

Although bacterial composition varies between subjects, ______________ is very similar.

A

-metabolic potential

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11
Q

About how many species of bacteria have been identified in the oral cavity?

A

500-1000

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12
Q

What is an oral clone?

A

a bacterial species identified in the oral cavity by DNA sequencing but never cultured.

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13
Q

About what percentage of oral bacteria have been cultured?

A

80%

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14
Q

A bacterial cell entering the mouth has two options:

A
  • Expulsion and Death

- Colonization

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15
Q

Within the mouth, different bacteria occupy different environmental _______.

A

niches (tongue, gingiva, pockets)

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