Exam Two Study Questions Flashcards
(118 cards)
Why do basal cell carcinomas have a limited capacity to metastasize?
If tumor cells lodge at distant sites, they rarely multiply and grow due to absence of necessary growth factors derived from the stroma of the original tumor site.
What are the problem locations/danger zones for BCCs?
Around the eyes, in the nasolabial folds, around the ear canal, in the posterior auricular sulcus
Persons age ____ have a ___x fold incidence of BCC than those _____
Persons 55-75 have a 100x risk than patients under 20
About ____% of pts who have had BCC will develop another lesion within 5 years.
40
What is the most important environmental RF for developing BCC?
Chronic UV exposure
Which proposes a greater risk for BCC - intermittent, intense increments of UV exposure or continuous similar dosage over longer period?
Intermittent, intense increments
Describe a “rodent ulcer”
Some nodular BCCs are called “rodent ulcers”:
Center ulcerates/bleeds, accumulates crust/scale
Ulcerated areas heal with scarring
What is unique about morpheaform BCC that makes identification and treatment difficult?
Borders are in distinct and blend with normal skin making border localization by inspection or biopsy impossible
What are treatments of morpheaform BCCs?
Preferably mohs micro graphic surgery
Wide excision
Why must BCCs be treated early on?
They are locally invasive, aggressive, and destructive to surrounding tissues
Diagnosis of BCC must be confirmed by _____
Biopsy
What is more effective for BCCS - surgical excision or ED&C? Why?
Surgical excision is more effective because there is better margin control (still less effective margin control than Mohs)
Why would one choose radiation therapy to treat a BCC?
Non-invasive - relatively sparing of critical structures
Relatively painless
Good for patients who are not otherwise candidates for surgery
High cure rate for selected lesions
List three features of BCCs that account for a high likelihood for recurrence after initial treatment
Most SSCs that occur in sun-exposed areas of the skin have a very ___ rate of metastasis.
Low
In dark-skinned individuals, SCCs tend to arise where and are associated with what?
Non sun-exposed area (legs, anus) and frequently are associated with chronic inflammation, chronic wounds, or scarring
Genetic RFs for SCCs
Fair skin
Light eyes
Red hair
Northern European origin
What areas are more susceptible to the development of SCC?
Sites of chronic inflammation, chronic wounds, or scars
A lesion on the vermillion border is ____ until proven otherwise.
SCC
Metastasize rate of BCC and SCC
BCC - rare, 0.003%
SCC - 5-10%
Cumulative UVB sun exposure in the past ____ years of a person’s life increases the likelihood of SCC in the presence of other RFs.
5-10
Features of SCC lesions that correlate with high risk for recurrence and regional or distant metastasis
Non-sun exposed areas
SCCs not derived from AKs
Most common non-melanoma skin cancer
BCC
Death may result from untreated BCC due to
Hemorrhage of eroded large vessels of meningitis