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Derm/minor surgery > Exam One Questions/Definitions > Flashcards

Exam One Questions/Definitions Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

Raised, fluid filled lesion larger than a vesicle

A

Bulla

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2
Q

Crack or break in the skin

A

Fissure

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3
Q

Flat, colored spot
<1 cm
Non-palpable

A

Macule

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4
Q

Solid, raised lesion extending into dermis or subcutaneous tissue
often indicative of systemic disease
>5mm-2cm in diameter

A

Nodule

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5
Q

Superficial layer of skin that provides protection

A

Epidermis

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6
Q

Deeper layer of skin that provides firmness and elasticity; contains sweat glands

A

Dermis

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7
Q

Thickness of skin

A

Varies from 8mm at soles of feet to 1mm at eyelid

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8
Q

Subcutaneous tissue

A

(Fat); Lies beneath the skin and outside the fascia and contains arteries, veins, and nerves

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9
Q

Layers of epidermis (outer to inner)

A

Stratum corneum - layered, dead, shedding cells
Granular cell layer
Spinous cell layer
Basal cell layer - active layer, rapidly multiplying cells, melanocytes

Cells migrate up from basal cell later, collect keratin protein, become flat and scaly (squamous epithelium) at the stratum corneum

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10
Q

Components of dermis

A

Sweat glands/dilated of BV help cool body
Sebaceous (oil) glands lubricate skin and help maintain barrier to water, chemicals, etc
Dermis has nerve endings of the skin
Vit D synthesis from sun exposure
Ridges (papilla) at top of dermis = fingerprints
Muscle contraction of erector pili (goosebumps)

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11
Q

Subcutaneous layer function

A

Insulation and energy storage

If fat collects to fast or too much, collagen and elastin fibers in dermis get stretched, causing dimpling of the skin (“cellulite”)

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12
Q

Physical exam general

A

Visualize skin signs: type, shape, arrangement, distribution (10-20x magnification)

Dermascope

Palate (soft, hard, scaly, temp, tender, mobility)

General appearance

Consider lab and special exam: direct culture, fungal 10% KOH, gram stain, tzanck smear, biopsy, woods lamp, patch testing, etc, blood, X-ray, UA, stool

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13
Q

Small, circular, raised lesion at the surface of skin (epidermis)
<5mm in diameter

A

Papule

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14
Q

Palpable solid elevated lesion in epidermis >5mm in diameter

A

Plaque

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15
Q

Raised lesion containing pus; often in a hair follicle or sweat pore
<5mm in diameter

A

Pustule

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16
Q

Lesion resulting from destruction of the skin and perhaps subcutaneous tissue

A

Ulcer

17
Q

Small, fluid-filled raised lesion of serous fluid in epidermis; blister or bleb
<5mm in diameter

A

Vesicle

18
Q

Smooth, rounding, slightly aided area often associated with itching; seen in urticaria sun as resulting from allergy

A

Wheal

19
Q

Non palpable
localized change in skin color >1cm in diameter

A

Patch lesion

20
Q

Solid elevated lesion extending into dermis or subcutaneous tissue >2cm in diameter

A

Tumor

21
Q

Localized accumulation of serous fluid in epidermis
>5mm in diameter

A

Bullae

22
Q

Fluid filled or solid mass in skin extending into dermis or subcutaneous tissue

A

Cyst

23
Q

Purpura v vascular dilation glass slide test for red lesion

A

Redness remains under pressure = purpuric
Redness disappears = erythematous, due to vascular dilation

24
Q

Seborrheic keratosis RF

A

AD
>30, avg 61

25
Q

Most common benign skin neoplasms

A

Seborrheic keratosis
Nevi

26
Q

Seborrheic keratosis Malignancy potential

A

None

27
Q

Seborrheic keratosis sx

A

Lesions on head, neck, trunk, extremities
Flesh colored, tan, brown, black
Oval/round
“Pasted on” papule or plaque, may be greasy or scaly
Well circumcised border
2mm-3cm+
Older lesions more raised, darker
Slow growing
Can become irritated from skin

28
Q

Types of Seborrheic keratosis

A

Rough type - verrucous, crumbly, dry, cracked, accentuation of hair follicles

Smooth type - smooth dome-shaped surface with tiny, round 1mm white or black horny cysts/pearls imbedded in surface

29
Q

Seborrheic keratosis Tx

A

None required, cosmetic removal
If its an all black lesion without horn cysts > shave biopsy to confirm

30
Q

Dermatosis papulosa nigra sx

A

Doesn’t cause any ulcerations, scaling, crusting
1-5mm in diameter, 1-3mm high
Start in adolescence as smooth bumps, gradually become rougher with time
May also grow in size and # with age

31
Q

RF skin tags

A

Second decade, >50
Metabolic syndrome

32
Q

Skin tag appearances

A

Acrochordon (obesity, DM, metabolic syndrome), cutaneous papilloma, soft fibroma

Soft, skin colored to slightly pigmented
1-10mm
Hyperpigmentation esp in darker skin
Pedunculated papule
Axilla, neck, groin, eye, mouth
When irritated may appear necrotic

33
Q

Dermatofibroma RF/causes

A

Unknown etiology
Thought to be fibrous rxn to trauma, infection, insect bites
Multiple Dermatofibromas with untreated SLE

34
Q

Dermatofibroma sx

A

3-10 mm
Slightly elevated
Scaly
Rarely seen with other skin lesions
Dimple sign; central dimpling of lesion when pinched between thumb and index fingers

35
Q

Keloid vs hypertrophic scar

A

Keloid - enlargement of scar WITHIN BOUNDARY of original scar
Hypertrophic - beyond the boundary

36
Q

RF keloids

A

10-30
Darker skin
Trauma

37
Q

Tx keloids

A

Silicone based gel therapy
Corticosteroids
Acupuncture
Steroids
Etc

Derm/minor surgery (9 decks)

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