exam two

Question 1

how can we estimate sex from the skeleton

Answer 1

shape and size differences

Question 2

can we estimate sex for juvenile remains

Answer 2

sexual dimorphism begins during puberty

no remains under 12

Question 3

male sexual dimorphism

Answer 3

larger and more robust

Question 4

female sexual dimorphism

Answer 4

smaller more gracile

Question 5

how do you beat population variation

Answer 5

population standard

Question 6

accuracy rate with skull and pelvis

Answer 6

90-100%

Question 7

accuracy of pelvis alone

Answer 7

90-95%

Question 8

accuracy of skull alone

Answer 8

70-80%

Question 9

accuracy of long bones alone

Answer 9

80%

Question 10

Phenices method

Answer 10

most well known method for sex estimation

Question 11

things used in the Phenices method

Answer 11

ventral arc
subpubic concavity
ischiopubic ramus

Question 12

scores in the phenices method

Answer 12

1 (female) 2(indeterminate) 3 (male)

Question 13

SCIATIC NOTCH

Answer 13

scored 1 (broad female) through 5 (narrow male)

Question 14

Preauricular sulcus

Answer 14

1 (absent male) 5 (well-developed, female)

Question 15

subpubic cavity

Answer 15

males are straight

females are curved

Question 16

ischiopubic ramus

Answer 16

females are pinched and narrow

Question 17

pubic shape

Answer 17

males are triangular and females are rectangular

Question 18

subpubic angle

Answer 18

males are V-shaped and upright narrow

females are U-shaped and wide

Question 19

Obturator Foramen

Answer 19

females are smaller and more triangular

males are larger and oval shapes

Question 20

Ischiopubic index

Answer 20

length of pubis/length of ischium x100

Question 21

Unknown race for ischiopubic index

Answer 21

male < 84-94 < female

Question 22

whites for ischiopubic index

Answer 22

male < 91-95 < female

Question 23

blacks for ischiopubic index

Answer 23

male < 83-88 < female

Question 24

what are differences in the cranium from

Answer 24

size differences

Question 25

nuchal crest

Answer 25

females smooth | males are rugged

Question 26

mastoid process

Answer 26

females are smaller and don't project as far down

Question 27

Glabella

Answer 27

females contain a smooth or no ridge

Question 28

Ancestry

Answer 28

your line of descent (genetics)

Question 29

ethnicity

Answer 29

shared national, tribal, linguistics and/or cultural background (common history)

Question 30

Race

Answer 30

distinct, unchanging groups determined by observed physical features (social construct)

Question 31

what is the variation within population groups

Answer 31

85-90

Question 32

what the variation between population groups

Answer 32

10-15

Question 33

can forensic anthropologists estimate racial or ethnic group identity from bones?

Answer 33

no

Question 34

can ancestry be estimated from juvenile remains?

Answer 34

no

Question 35

two methods of ancestry estimation

Answer 35

morphoscopic | metric

Question 36

morphoscopic traits

Answer 36

using non metric traits with population frequencies and statistical analysis

Question 37

metric methods

Answer 37

using osteological measurements to quantify human variation

Question 38

disadvantages of using non metric traits

Answer 38

not discrete no single trait is found in only one population population frequencies of traits historically associated with particular groups not as high as was thought

Question 39

what races are recognized in the Office of Management and Budget

Answer 39

``` white black American Indian alaskan native asian ```

Question 40

Anterior nasal spine

Answer 40

no projection moderate pronounced

Question 41

inferior nasal aperture

Answer 41

curved slant to plateau wall

Question 42

nasal aperture width

Answer 42

A frame Sagging tent Q hut

Question 43

interorbital breadth

Answer 43

African:wide Asian: intermediate white: narrow

Question 44

Post Bregmatic Depression

Answer 44

blacks

Question 45

Shovel shaped

Answer 45

asian and native american

Question 46

Sraight femoral shaft

Answer 46

blacks

Question 47

Femora with curvature

Answer 47

whites and native americans

Question 48

Torsion in the Femoral neck

Answer 48

native americans

Question 49

Intercondylar shelf

Answer 49

angle on the femur

Question 50

angles for intercondylar shelf

Answer 50

whites have a higher angle than blacks

Question 51

Three indexes of the nose

Answer 51

maxillofrontal zygoorbital alpha indexes

Question 52

indexes

Answer 52

height/width x 100 = %