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1
Q

Forensic anthropology

A

field of study that deals with the analysis of human skeletal remains that fall under the laws jurisdiction

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2
Q

five main concepts forensic anthropologists wish to accomplish in their work

A 
Ancestry
nature of trauma
time passed since death
finding other remains
ID
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3
Q

Anthropology

A

study of the biological and cultural aspects of all humans in all plces in all ties

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4
Q

biological anthropology

A

the study of the biological evolution and development of humans

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5
Q

forensic sciences

A

study in medicine and jurisprudence that deals with legal issues, both criminal and civil

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6
Q

decedents

A

dead persons

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7
Q

medicolegal community

A

coroners, medical investigators

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8
Q

When do forensic anthropologists apply their expertise

A

when bodies are so decomposed
mass disasters
warfare
persons of historical significance

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9
Q

The father of Forensic Anthropology

A

Thomas Dwight

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10
Q

Thomas Dwight

A

first to write essays and lecture about skeletal identification

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11
Q

Time periods of the evolution of forensic anthropology

A

formative
consolidation
modern

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12
Q

Beginning case of forensic anthropology

A

Parkman murder

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13
Q

Parkman murder

A

homicide of a Harvard professor
FA was needed bc the body was disfigured and in a septic tank
identified the looks of who the bones belonged to
dental records from denturesq

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14
Q

Leugert case

A

homicide of a mans wife
FA was needed bc only 4 small bones remained
able to prove the belonged to a human and not animal meat

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15
Q

Collections created during the formative period

A

Hamann-Todd

Terry

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16
Q

Hamann-Todd

A

collection used for developing standards of ancestry, sex, age, and stature

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17
Q

Terry

A

created dissected cadavers and is used for skeletal research

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18
Q

Important court cases of the formative period

A

Parkman
Leugert
Ruxton

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19
Q

Time period of the formative period

A

1800s-1938

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20
Q

Ruxton case

A

disappearance of two women
dismembered bodies placed in similar statures of their photos
similarities pointed to ID
superimposing photos

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21
Q

When did the formative period end

A

Publication of Guide to the Identification of Human Skeletal Material

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22
Q

Wilton Mariod Krogman

A

Published Guide to the Identification of Human Skeletal MAterial
&
The Human Skeleton in Forensic Medicine

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23
Q

Main points in the Consolidation Period

A

WW II
Korean War
T. Dale Stewart

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24
Q

Forensic anthropologist during WWII

A

bodies couldn’t be iD fast enough
established Central ID lab in Hawaii
Mildred Trotter used the skeletons of servicemen to improve ways in determining stature from the length of long bones

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25
Forensic anthropologist need during the Korean War
Established an ID center in Japan T Dale Stewart worked on ways to determine Age
26
T. Dale Stweart
wrote lots of articles on skeletal ID relations to forensics wrote Essentials of Forensic Anthropology persuaded US to study on army remains during WWII and Korean
27
Modern Period dates
1972 to present
28
When did the modern period begin
Physical Anthropology Section in the American Academy of Forensic Sciences met for the first time
29
How did the Anthropology section of the AAFS begin
Clyde Collins Snow Ellis R Kerley created enough interest to reach the minimum number of memebers
30
Events that mark the Modern Period
Founding of the Forensic Anthropology data bank at the University of Tennessee Founding of the Scientific Working Group for Forensic Anthropology
31
FORSIC
series of computer programs created by the forensic data bank that can be used to calculate ancestory and sex
32
Purpose of the FA data bank
collects info on new cases so that new standards for determining demographics can be updated continuously People were deviating from the standards set by Terry Todd WWII and Korean
33
Purpose of the SWGANTH
founded by the FBI to recommend the best practices in the discipline works to establish guidelines
34
Medical Examiners
have the legal responsibility to certify the deaths of people dying within their jurisdiction when not in the care of a physician
35
Coroners
elected officials who may or may not have medical training
36
Use for archaeology in forensics
to use methods to locate ad retrieve human skeletal material while following the rules of evidence established by law enforcement agencies
37
Use for odontology in forensics
specialists can identify skeletons with dental records
38
other forensic specialities
entomology ballistics botany
39
events that shaped legislative and judicial influence on the forensic discipline
``` Frye FRE Daubert General electric Carmichael ```
40
Frye
court case that established "general acceptance" criterion for scientific theories
41
FRE
Rule 702 stated that experts can provide testimony based off their experience in the subject. 1) must be based on facts or data 2) product of reliable methods 3) applied the principles to the facts
42
Daubert
established guidelines to follow when evaluating a scientific concept instead of just the general acceptance rule
43
standards set by the daubert case
``` Has been tested peer review and publication known or potential error rate standards controlling its operation attracted widespread acceptance ```
44
GE vs Joiner
ruled that abuse of discretion should be the proper way when determining probable expertise
45
Carmichael
further ensued the role of the trial judge
46
Questions forensic anthropologists ask when identifying remains
``` are the remains human? *are the in the current time* a single indiv? When was death? Ancestry? age? sex? stature? Unique identifiers? Cause of death? manner of death? ```
47
two types of methods
gather data | analyze data
48
Data gathering methods
involve techniques used to collect information from human skeletal remains and the circumstances surrounding their discovery
49
data analysis methods
involve techniques used to analyze the gathered data for the purpose of answering the questions posed by the forensic anthropology protcol
50
general data gathering method in the field
observe, map, and gather
51
types of data gathering in the lab
anthroposcopic osteometric chemical histologic
52
Scales of measurement
nominal ordinal interval ratio
53
Nominal
categorical (race, sex)
54
Ordinal
categories that can be ordered
55
Interval
units of measurement on a fixed scale (time and temperature)
56
ratio
complete numerical units of measurement
57
anthroscopy
visual inspection of the human body
58
Osteometry
measurement of human bone on a quantitative scale using calipers or an osteometric board
59
Metric methods
attempt to quantify using ration level scales
60
Chemical methods
analyzing the chemical makeup of certain structures of the skeleton and associated matter
61
histology
study of microstructure of bones and teeth
62
five methods used to analyze data
``` decision tables range charts indexes discriminant functions regression equations ```
63
decision table
helps researchers to judge the importance of conflicting information so that they can arrive at a single conclusion
64
range charts
making visual representation of multiple ranges of estimates so that a central tendency can be determines
65
indexes
developed so that numerical expression of the shape of a structure can be compared (2D)
66
discriminant function analysis
method for calculating a numerical expression of shape
67
regression
method by which the value of one characteristic can be determined from the values of other characteristics
68
osteology
study of the bones and their placement as well as relationship and movement with other bones
69
odontology
study of dentition
70
3 parts of bone anatomy
gross extrenal gross internal microscopc

ANT (3 decks)

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