Exam Two Flashcards
Acts towards another individual that display both an emotional and physical calm.
The use of touch, establishing presence, the therapeutic use of silence, and the skillful and gentle performance of a procedure are examples
Comforting
Universal phenomenon that influences the way we think, feel,and behave in relation to one another
Caring
Delivery of health care based on ethical principals and standards of care
Ethic of care
Deep physical, psychological, and spiritual connection or engagement between nurse and patient
Presence
Concept of caring extending across cultures that distinguishes nursing from other health disciplines
Transcultural
Group of interacting individuals composing a basic unit of society
Family
Nursing perspective in which the family is views as a unit of interacting members having attributes, functions, and goals separate from those of the individual family members
Family as a context
Nursing approach that takes into consideration the effect of one intervention on all member of a family
Family as patient
Caring for each family member and family unit, using all abalone environmental, social, psychological, and community resources
family as system
A family process that occurs in response to an illness and encompasses multiple cognitive, behavioral, and interpersonal process
Family cargiving
Patterns of people considered by family members to be included in the family
Family forms
Internal strengths and durability of the family unit; characterized by a sense if control over the outcome of life events and hardships, a view of change as beneficial and growth-producing, and an active rather than passive orientation in responding to stressful life events
Family hardiness
Acknowledging the importance if the capability of care recipients to share exchanges that contribute to a caregiver’s perception of self-worth
Reciprocity
Family’s ability to cope with expected and unexpected stressors
Family resiliency
First step of the nursing process. Activities required in the first step are data collection, validation, sorting, and documentation for health problem identification
Assessment
Active listening technique that prompts a respondent to continue telling a story or describing a situation. Involves use of phrase such as “go on,” “uh-huh,” or “tell me more”
Back channeling
Form if question that limit a respondents answer to one or two words
Closed-ended question
Experience other symptoms along with the primary sumptom
Concomitant symptoms
Information that a nurse acquires through hearing, visual observations, touch, and smell
Cue
Store or bank of information, especially in a form that be processed by a computer
Database
Method for organizing assessment data based on the level of patient function in specific areas
Functional health patterns
(1) judgment or interpretation of informal cues. (2) taking one proposition as a given and guessing that another proposition follows
Inference
Data collected about a patients present level if wellness, changes in life patterns, sociocultural role, and mental and emotional reaction to illness
Nursing health history
Systematic problem-solving method by which nurses individualize care for each patient
Nursing process-----> Assessment Diagnosis Planning Implementation Evaluation
Information that can be observed by others: free of feeling, perceptions, and prejudice
Objective data
Form of question that prompt a respondent to answer in more than one or two words
Open-ended question
Systematic approach for collecting the patients self-reported data on all body systems
Review of systems (ROS)
Information gathered from patient statement; the patient’s feelings and perception. Not verifiable by another except by inference
Subjective data
Act of confirming, verifying, or corroborating the accuracy of assessment dat or the appropriateness of the care plan
Validation
Judgment that is clinically validated by the presence of major defining characteristic
Actual nursing diagnosis
Is an objective or subjective sign, symptom, or risk factor that, when analyzed with other criteria, leads to a diagnostic conclusion
Clinical criterion
Physiological complication that requires the nurse to use nursing- and healthcare provider- prescribed interventions to maximize patient outcome
Collaborative problem
Set of signs or symptoms that are grouped together in logical order
Data cluster
Related signs and symptoms or clusters of data that support the nursing diagnosis
Defining characteristics
The name of the nursing diagnosis as approved by NANDA International
Diagnostic label
Study of all factors that may be involved in the development of a disease
Etiology
Clinical judgement of a person’s, family’s, or community’s motivations, desire, and readiness to increase well-being and actualize human health potential as expressed in their readiness to enhance specific health behaviors such as nutrition and exercise
Health promotion nursing diagnosis
Formal statement of disease entity or illness made by the physician or health care provider
Medical diagnosis
North American Nursing Diagnosis Association organized in 1973. It formally identifies, develops, and classifies nursing diagnosis
NANDA-I
Formal statement of an actual or potential problem that nurses can legally and independently treat; the second step of nursing process, during which the patient’s actual and potential unhealthy response to an illness or condition are identified
Nursing diagnosis
Any condition or event that accompanies or is linked with the patients health care problem
Related factor
Describes human response to health conditions/life processes that may develop on a vulnerable individual, family, or community
Risk nursing diagnosis
Is often a bright light, smell, or taste
Aura
Federal agency responsible for the enforcement of federal regulations regarding the manufacture, processing, and distribution of food, drugs, and cosmetics to protect consumer against sake of impure or dangerous substances
Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
Process by which resistance to an infectious disease is induced or augmented
Immunization
Microorganism a capable of producing a disease
Pathogen
Any substance that impairs health or destroys life when ingested, inhaled, or absorbed by the body in relatively small amounts
Poison
A harmful chemical or waste metering discharged into water,soil, or air
Pollutant
Device to aid in the immobilization of a patient or patient’s extremity
Restraint
Hyper excitation and disorderly discharge if neurons in the brain leading to sudden, violent,involuntary series of muscle contractions that paroxysmal and episodic, causing loss of consciousness, falling, toxicity and clonicity
Seizure
Encompasses all nursing interventions to protect the patient from traumatic injury, position for adequate ventilation and drainage of oral secretions, and provide privacy and support following a seizure
Seizure precautions
Prolonged or repeated seizures
Status epilepticus
Passage of drug molecules into the blood
Absorption
Harmful or unintended effect of medication, diagnostic test, or therapeutic intervention
Adverse effect
Hypersensitive condition induced by contract with certain antigens
Anaphylactic reaction
Chemical changes that a substance undergoes in body such as by the action of enzymes
Bio transformation
Time it takes for the body to lower the amount of unchanged medication by half
Biological half-life
Of or pertaining to the inside of the cheek or the gum next to the cheek
Buccal
To remove the toxic quality of a substance
Detoxify
Individual sensitivity to effect of a drug caused by inherited or other bodily constitution factors
Idiosyncratic reaction
Introduction of fluid into the vein , giving intravenous fluid over time
Infusion
Parenteral administration of medication; four major sites; sub q, IM, IV and ID
Injections
To cause to enter drop by drop or very slowly
Instillation
An injection of medication directly into cardiac tissue
Intracardiac
Injection given between layers of the skin into the dermis. 5-15 degree angle
Intradermal
Injection given into muscle tissue given at 90 degree angle
Intramuscular
Method of medication delivery that involves inserting a medication disk similar to eye contact lens into patients eye
Inraocular
Injection straight into a joint
Intraarticular
Injection directly into the bloodstream.
Intravenous
Process of washing out body cavity or wounded area with a stream of fluid
Irrigation
Adverse reaction such as rash, chills, or gastrointestinal disturbances to a medication
Medication allergy
Any event that could cause it lead to a patients receiving inappropriate drug therapy or failure to recieve appropriate drug therapy
Medication error
Response that occurs when one drug modifies the action of another drug
Medication interaction
A nurse admits a patient to a health care setting, he or she compares the medication that the patient took in the previous setting with his or her current medications
Medication reconciliation
Logically organized decimal system of measurement
Metric system
Statutes enacted by the legislature of why of the states or the appropriate officers of the districts or possessions that describe and define the scope of nursing practice
Nurse practice act (npa)
Drug given into the eye in the for of either eye drops or ointments
Ophthalmic
Giving medication by a route other than the gastrointestinal tract
Parenteral administration
Time it takes for a medication to reach its highest effective concentration
Peak
Minimum blood serum concentration of medication reached just before the next schedule dose
Trough
Study of how drugs enter the body, reach their site of action, are metabolized, and exit from the body
Pharmacokinetics
Use of a number if different drugs by a patient ego may have one or several health problems
Polypharmacy
Includes more detailed information than a regular order because the patient needs to understand how to take the medication and when to refill
Prescription
Any reaction or consequence that results from medication or therapy
Side effects
Mixture of one or more substance dissolved in another substance
Solution
Injection given into the connective tissue under the dermis
Subcutaneous
Route of medication administration in which the medication is placed underneath the patients tongue
Sublingual
Effect resulting from two drugs acting synergistically
Synergistic effect
Desired benefit of a medication, treatment, or procedure
Therapeutic effect
Effect of a medication that results in an adverse response
Toxic effect
Medication delivery device in which the medication is saturated on a wafer like disk, which is affixed to the patient skin
Transdermal disk
Order given verbally
Vernal order
Technique for injection irritating preparation into muscle without tracking residual medication through sensitive tissue
Z-track injection
Kind or amount of exercise or work that a person is able to perform
Activity intolerance
Body measure of height, weight, and skinfolds to evaluate muscle atrophy
Anthropometric measurements
Collapse ad alveoli, preventing the normal respiration exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
Atelectasis
Placement of the patient in bed for therapeutic reasons for a prescribed periods
Bed rest
Means that individuals center of gravity is stable
Body alignments
Coordinated efforts of the musculoskeletal and nervous systems to maintain people balance, posture, and body alignment
Body mechanics
Group of therapies use to mobilized pulmonary secretions for expectoration
Chest physiotherapy
Increased muscle contraction causes muscle shortening, resulting in movement such as when a patient uses an overhead trapeze to pull up in bed
Concentric tension
A blood clot
Embolus
Abnormal neuromuscular condition of the lower leg and foot characterizes by am inability to dorsiflex, or evert, the foot
Footdtop
Effects of rubbing or the resistance that a moving body meets from the surface on which it moves; a force that occurs in a direction to oppose movement
Friction
Manner or style of walking, including rhythm, cadance, and speed
Gait
One side paralysis
Hemiplegia
One side weakness
Hemiparesis
Pneumonia that results from fluid accumulation as a result of inactivity
Hypostatic pneumonia
Inability to move about freely; causes by any condition in which movement is impaired or therapeutically restricted
Immobility
Activities necessary for independence in society beyond eating, grooming, transferring, and toileting ; imclude skills as shopping, preparing meals, banking, and taking medications
Instrumental activities of daily living (IADL)
Concentric and eccentric muscle action are necessary for active movement
Isotonic or dynamic contraction
Static contraction cause an increased in muscle tension or muscle work but no shortening or active muscle movement of muscle
Isometric contraction
Abnormality that may result in permanent condition of a joint; characterized by flexion and fixation
Joint contractur
Maneuver used to turn a reclining patient from one side to the other or completely over without moving the spinal column out if alignment
Logrolling
Person ability to move about freely
Mobility
Inducing or compelling force and occurs when specific bones such as humorous and associate with a joint such as the elbow
Leverage
Normal state if balanced muscle tension
Muscle tone
Loss of muscle tone, and joint stiffness
Muscle atrophy
Condition occurring when the body excretes more nitrogen than it takes in
Negative nitrogen balance
Disorder characterized by abnormal rarefaction of bone, occurring most frequently in postmenopausal women, sedentary or immobilized individuals, and patients on long term steroid therapy
Osteoporosis
Increased in heart rate of more that 15% and drop of 15 mm Hg or more in systolic blood press sir or a drop oh 10mm Hg or more diastolic blood pressure when patient changes from supine to siting position
Orthostatic hypotension
Fractures resulting from weakened bone tissue
Pathological fracture
Position of the body on relation to the surrounding space
Posture
Inflammation, sore, or ulcer in the skin over a bony prominence
Pressure ulcer
Range of movement of a joint from maximum extension to maxim flexion as measure in degrees of a circle
Range of motion(ROM)
Calcium stones in the penal pelvis
Renal calculi
Force exerted against the skin while the skin remains stationary and the bony structures move
Shear
Metal triangular shaped bar that can be suspended over a patients bed from an overhanging frame
Trapeze bar
Rolled towel support placed against hip and upper leg to prevent external rotation of the legs
Trochanter roll
Accumulation of platelets, fibrin, clotting factors, and cellular elements of blood attracted internal wall of vein or artery which sometimes includes lumen of the vessels
Thrombus
Not hardened
Unossified
Increased the risk of urinary react infection and renal calculi
Urinary stasis
Abnormal neurological condition in which language function is defective or absent
Aphasia
Related to or experienced through hearing
Auditory
Excessive cerium occluding the ear canal
Conductive hearing loss
Motor type of aphasia, is the inability to name common objects or express simple ideas in words or writing
Expressive aphasia
Is the inability to understan written or spoken language
Sensory or receptive aphasia
Pertaining to the sense of taste
gustatory
Overly sensitive to tactile stimuli
Hyperesthesia
Enables a person to be aware og the position and movement of body parts without seeing them
Kinesthetic
Pertaining to sense of smell
Olfactory
Otolaryngologist
Audiologist
Having a harmful effect on the eighth cranial nerve or the organ if hearing and balance
Ototoxic
Ability of the body to sense it’s position and movement in space
Proprioceptioon
Defect in the ability of the lens if the eye to focus light such as occurs in nearsightedness and farsightedness
Refractive error
Defects in the function of one or mor of the senses, resulting in visual, auditory, or olfactory impairments
Sensory deficits
State in which stimulation to one or more of the sense is lacking, resulting in impaired sensory perception
Sensory deprivation
Star in which stimulation to one or more of the senses is is excessive that the brain disregards or does not meaningfully respond to stimuli
Sensory overload
Relating to the sense of touch
Tactile
Is a sense that allows a person to recognize the size, shape, and texture of an object
Stereognosis
a disorder of vision due to a deviation from normal orientation of one or both eyes so that both cannot be directed at the same object at the same time; squint; crossed eyes.
Strabismus
