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Nursing > Exam Three > Flashcards

Exam Three Flashcards

1
Q

aerobic

A

with oxygen

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2
Q

anaerobic

A

without oxygen

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3
Q

asepsis

A

absence of germs or organisms

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4
Q

asymptomatic

A

without present symptoms

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5
Q

bactericidal

A

substance that kills bacteria

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6
Q

is biological or chemical agent that stops bacteria from reproducing without harming it

A

bacteriostatic

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7
Q

an antibiotic that acts against a wide range of disease causing bacteria

A

broad-spectrum antibiotics

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8
Q

presence and multiplication of microorganism without tissue invasion or damage

A

colonization

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9
Q

any disease that can be transmitted from one person or animal to another by direct or indirect contact by vectors

A

communicable disease

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10
Q

process of destroying all pathogenic organisms except spores

A

disinfection

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11
Q

swelling is the enlargement of organs, skin, or other body parts

A

edema

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12
Q

infection produced within a cell or organism

A

endogenous infection

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13
Q

the branch of medicine that deals with the incidence, distribution, and possible control of disease and other factors relating to health

A

epidemiology

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14
Q

infection originating outside an organ or part

A

exogenous infection

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15
Q

fluid, cells, or other substances that have been discharged from cells or blood vessels slowly through small pores or break in cell membranes

A

exudate

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16
Q

soft, pink, fleshy projection of tissue that form during the healing process in a wound not healing by primary intention

A

granulation tissue

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17
Q

infection that was not present or incubating at the time of admission to a health care setting

A

health-care acquired infection

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18
Q

infection due to the activity of a physician or therapy

A

Iatrogenic infection

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19
Q

having an immune system impaired or weakened

A

immunocompromised

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20
Q

invasion of the body by pathogenic microorganisms that reproduce and multiply

A

infection

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21
Q

involving the introduction of instruments or other objects into the body or body cavities

A

invasive

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22
Q

infection that is limited to a specific part of the body or a has local symptoms

A

localized infection

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23
Q

procedures used to reduce the number of microorganisms and prevent their spread

A

medical asepsis

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24
Q

microscopic entities such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi that are capable of carrying on living process

A

microorganisms

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25
Q

of or pertaining to death of tissue in response to disease or injury

A

necrotic

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26
Q

bacteria which are found in or on our bodies on semi-permanent basis without causing disease

A

normal flora

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27
Q

microorganism capable of producing disease

A

pathogens

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28
Q

a type of cell within the body capable of engulfing and absorbing bacteria and other small particles

A

phagocytes

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29
Q

consisting of, containing, or discharging pus

A

purulent

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30
Q

place where microorganism survive, multiply, and await transfer to a susceptible host

A

reservoir

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31
Q

related to or involving blood

A

sanguineous

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32
Q

or resembling or producing serum

A

serous

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33
Q

guidelines recommended by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention to reduce risk of transmission of blood borne and other pathogens in hospitals

A

standard precautions

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34
Q

a technique for destroying microorganism using heat, water, chemicals, and gases

A

sterilization

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35
Q

secondary infection usually caused by an opportunistic pathogen

A

suprainfection

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36
Q

procedure used to eliminate any microorganism from an area

A

surgical aspesis

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37
Q

the state or fact or being likely or liable to be influenced or harmed by a particular thing

A

susceptibility

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38
Q

the formation or discharge of pus

A

suppurative

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39
Q

serving as a symptom or sign, especially of something undersirable

A

symptomatic

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40
Q

of or relating to a system, especially as opposed to a particular area

A

systemic

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41
Q

an organism, typically a biting insect or tick, that transmits a disease

A

vector

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42
Q

ability of an organism to rapidly produce disease

A

virulence

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43
Q

an excessive acid condition of the body fluids or tissue

A

acidosis

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44
Q

movement of materials across the cell membrane by means of chemical activity that allows the cell to admit larger molecules that would otherwise be possible

A

active transport

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45
Q

an excessive alkaline condition of the body fluids or tissue that may cause weakness or cramps

A

alkalosis

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46
Q

difference between the concentration of serum cation and anions; determined by measuring the concentration of sodium cation and chloride and bicarbonate anions

A

anion gap

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47
Q

negatively charged electrolytes

A

anions

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48
Q

test measures the acidity and the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood from an artery

A

arterial blood gases

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49
Q

procedure in which blood is removed from a donor and stored for a variable period before it is returned to the donors own circulation

A

autologous transfusion

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50
Q

substance or group of substance that can absorb or release hydrogen ions to correct an acid-base imbalance

A

buffer

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51
Q

positively charged electrolytes

A

cations

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52
Q

Abnormal condition of the kidney caused by the pressure of concentration of large particles such as protein molecule that will pass through a membrane

A

colloid osmotic pressure

53
Q

a substance in which microscopically dispersed insoluble particle are suspended throughout another substance

A

colloids

54
Q

a substance that, when dissolved, forms a true solution rather then a colloid and is able to pass through semipermeable membrane

A

crystalloid

55
Q

excessive loss of water from the body tissue accompanied by a disturbance of body electrolytes

A

dehydration

56
Q

element or compound that, when melted or dissolved in water or other solvent, dissociates into ions and can carry an electrical current

A

electrolytes

57
Q

Pieces of medical equipment that delivers intravenous fluids at a prescribed rate through an intravenous catherer

A

electronic infusion device

58
Q

portion of body fluids composed of the interstitial fluid and blood plasma

A

extracellular fluid

59
Q

fluid and electrolytes disorder characterized by an increase in fluid retention and edema,, resulting from failure of bodily homeostatic mechanisms to regulate the retention and excretion of body fluids

A

fluid volume deficit

60
Q

the volume of the body fluids, including both intracellular and extracellular fluid is more then enough

A

fluid volume excess

61
Q

a discharge or escape, as of blood, from a vessel into tissue

A

extravasation

62
Q

straining of fluid through a membrane

A

filtration

63
Q

a substance that has no fixed shape and yields easily to external pressure

A

fluid

64
Q

pressure cased by a liquid

A

hydrostatic pressure

65
Q

greater-than-normal amount of calcium in the blood

A

hypercalcemia

66
Q

greater-than-normal amount of potassium in the blood

A

hyperkalemia

67
Q

abnormally low circulation blood volume

A

hypovolemia

68
Q

dislodging an intravenous catheter or needle from a vein into the subcutaneous space

A

infiltration

69
Q

fluid that fills the space between most of the cells of the body and provides a substantial portion of the liquid environment of the body

A

interstitial fluid

70
Q

liquid within the cell membrane

A

intracellular fluid

71
Q

fluid circulating within the blood vessels of the body

A

intravenous fluid

72
Q

an electrically charged atom or group of atoms formed by the loss or gain of one or more electrons

A

ions

73
Q

situation in which two solutions have the same concentration of solute; therefore both solution exert the same osmotic pressure

A

isotonic

74
Q

abnormal condition of high hydrogen ion concentration in the extracellular fluid caused by either a primary increase in hydrogen ions or a decrease in bicarbonate

A

metabolic acidosis

75
Q

abnormal condition characterized by the significant loss of acid from the body or increased levels of bicarbonate

A

metabolic alkalosis

76
Q

movement of pure solvent through a semipermeable membrane from a solution with a lower solute concentration to one with a higher solute concentration

A

osmosis

77
Q

drawing power for water, which depends on the number of molecules in the solution

A

osmotic pressure

78
Q

inflammation of the vein

A

phlebitis

79
Q

abnormal condition characterized by decreased arterial carbon dioxide concentration and hydrogen ions concentration

A

respiratory acidosis

80
Q

abnormal condition characterized by decreased arterial carbon dioxide concentration and hydrogen ions concentration

A

respiratory alkalosis

81
Q

portion of total body water contained within epithelial lined spaces

A

transcellular fluid

82
Q

systemic response by the body to the administration of blood incompatible with that of the recipient

A

transfusion reaction

83
Q

catheters, cannula, or infusion ports designed for long-termed, repeated access to the vascular system

A

vascular access devices

84
Q

technique in which a vein is punctured transcutaneously by a sharp needle attached to a syringe

A

venipuncture

85
Q

process of adapting to and adopting a new culture

A

acculturation

86
Q

to become absorbed into another culture and adopt its characteristics

A

assimilation

87
Q

having or combining the cultural attitudes and customs of two nations, peoples, or ethic groups

A

bicultural

88
Q

intergrated patterns of human behavior that include the language, thoughts, communications, actions, customs, beliefs, values, and institutions of racial, ethnic, religious, or social group

A

culture

89
Q

adapting or negotiation with the patient/families to achieve beneficial or satisfying health outcomes

A

cultural care accommodation or negotiation

90
Q

retaining and/or preserving relevant care values so patient are able to maintain their well-being, recover form illness, or face handicaps and/or death

A

cultural care preservation or maintenance

91
Q

recording, changing, or greatly modifying a patients/families customs for a new, different, and beneficial health care pattern

A

cultural care repatterning or restructuring

92
Q

process in which the health care professional continually strives to achieve the ability and availability to work effectively with individuals, families, and communities

A

cultural competence

93
Q

using one’s own values and custom as an absolute guide in interpreting behaviors

A

Cultural imposition

94
Q

feeling that a patient has after a health care worker disregards the patient’s valued way of life

A

cultural pain

95
Q

care that fits people’s valued life patterns and sets of meanings generated from the people themselves

A

culturally congruent care

96
Q

illnesses restricted to a particular culture or group because of its psychosocial characteristics

A

culture-bound syndromes

97
Q

insider or native perspective

A

emic worldview

98
Q

the gradual acquisition of the characteristics and norms of a culture or group by a person, another culther, ect

A

enculturation

99
Q

shared identity related to social and cultural heritage such as values, language, geographical space, and racial characteristics

A

ethnicity

100
Q

significant historical experience of a particular group

A

ethnohistory

101
Q

outsider’s perspective

A

etic worldview

102
Q

nonblood kin; consider family in some collective culture

A

fictive

103
Q

kinship that is limited to only the mother’s side

A

matrilineal

104
Q

attribute illness to natural, impersonal, and biological forces that cause alteration in the equilibrium of the human body

A

Naturalistic practitioner

105
Q

believe that an external agent, which ban be human or nonhuman, causes health and illness

A

personlistic practitioner

106
Q

kinship that is limited to the father’s side

A

patrilineal

107
Q

ritual event that marks a person’s transition from one status to another

A

rites of passage

108
Q

various ethnic, religious, and other group with distinct characteristics from the dominant culture

A

subcultural

109
Q

distinct discipline developed by Leininger that focuses on the comparative study of cultures to understand similarities and difference among groups of people

A

trans cultural nursing

110
Q

to cause partiality or favoritism in (a person); influence, especially unfairly

A

bias

111
Q

has been defined in a very structured manner by the Institute of Medicine as a “systematically developed statement to assist practitioner and patient decisions about appropriate health care for specific clinical circumstances.”

A

clinical guideline

112
Q

act of keeping information private or secret; in health care the nursefs only shares information about a patient with other nursed or heath care providers who need to know private information about a patient to provide care for him or her

A

confidentiality

113
Q

sense experience, empirical knowledge, or the a posteriori) is a source of knowledge acquired by means of observation or experimentation

A

Empirical data

114
Q

determination of the extent to which established patient goals have been achieved

A

evaluation

115
Q

use of current best evidence from nursing research, clinical expertise, practice trends, and patient preferences to guide nursing decision about care provide to patients

A

evidence-based practice

116
Q

is a type of evaluation that seeks to determine whether a program or intervention had the intended causal effect on program participants.

A

experimental study

117
Q

a general statement or concept obtained by inference from specific cases.

A

generalization

118
Q

a supposition or proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation.

A

hypothesis

119
Q

is reasoning in which the premises seek to supply strong evidence for (not absolute proof of) the truth of the conclusion

A

inductive reasoning

120
Q

process of obtaining permission from a patient to perform a specific test or procedure after describing all risks, sided effects, and benefits

A

informed consent

121
Q

is research that provides evidence used to support nursing practices.

A

nursing research

122
Q

evaluation of scientific, academic, or professional work by others working in the same field.

A

peer review

123
Q

PICOT stands for

A

Population/ Patient Problem: Who is your patient? (Disease or Health status, age, race, sex)
Intervention: What do you plan to do for the patient? (Specific tests, therapies, medications)
Comparison: What is the alternative to your plan? (ie. No treatment, different type of treatment, etc.)
Outcome: What outcome do you seek? (Less symptoms, no symptoms, full health, etc.)

124
Q

refers to any research based on something that can be accurately and precisely measured

A

quantitative research

125
Q

refers to any research based on something that is impossible to accurately and precisely measure

A

qualitative research

126
Q

consistently good in quality or performance; able to be trusted.

A

reliable

127
Q

is a step-by-step process of developing a research paper. As you progress from one step to the next, it is commonly necessary to backup, revise, add additional material or even change your topic completely

A

research process

128
Q

codified sequence of steps used in the formulation, testing, evaluation, and reporting of scientific ideas

A

scientific method

129
Q

an element, feature, or factor that is liable to vary or change.

A

variables

Nursing (6 decks)

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