Electrolyte quiz Flashcards
A 78-year-old patient is admitted to the hospital. The nurse expects the patient to respond to treatment based upon which of the following principles? (Select all that apply.)
A. Older adults often experience imbalances due to chronic disease.
B. The use of medications such as diuretics or laxatives can cause an ECF deficit.
C. Electrolyte imbalances may occur due to bowel preparation for a procedure.
D. An acute illness often predisposes an older adult to fluid imbalances.
Older adults often experience imbalances due to chronic disease.
The use of medications such as diuretics or laxatives can cause an ECF deficit.
Electrolyte imbalances may occur due to bowel preparation for a procedure.
An acute illness often predisposes an older adult to fluid imbalances.
A nurse is caring for a group of patients. Which of the following patients is highest priority for an intervention related to fluid and electrolyte imbalance? A patient with:
pulse 60, nausea
blood pressure 88/50, dizziness
respirations 20, pain
temperature 99.5°F, warm
blood pressure 88/50, dizziness
A nurse is visiting a patient in the home setting. The patient has a weight gain of 5 lb in 1 day, has 3+ peripheral edema, and crackles in the bases of the lungs. The patient is also noting that her rings are tight and she is having some shortness of breath. Which of the following is the most important intervention?
Consult with the dietician about nutritional supplements.
Instruct the patient to take periodic rest breaks during the day.
Contact the physician to further evaluate a treatment plan.
Teach the patient to increase potassium in the diet.
Contact the physician to further evaluate a treatment plan.
A patient has had 3 days of nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. The nurse expects the following abnormal finding.
hypokalemia
peripheral edema
bradycardia
diaphoresis
hypokalemia
A patient has pitting edema in the extremities and generalized edema throughout the body. The nurse recognizes that these are symptoms of:
extracellular volume excess
extracellular volume deficit
intracellular volume excess
intracellular volume deficit
extracellular volume excess
A patient in the hospital has an intake of 450 mL, output of 1200 mL, thirst, dry mouth, and poor skin turgor. Which of the following interventions are indicated? (Select all that apply.)
Ensure that fluids are kept within the patient’s reach.
Assess which fluids the patient prefers.
Monitor daily weight at the same time every day.
Assess electrolytes for sodium level
Ensure that fluids are kept within the patient’s reach.
Monitor daily weight at the same time every day.
Assess electrolytes for sodium level.
A patient receiving D5W at 100 mL/h is most at risk for developing:
hyponatremia
hypernatremia
fluid volume deficit
fluid volume excess
hyponatremia
A patient with dehydration is having his electrolyte values drawn by the laboratory each morning. The patient asks the nurse, “Why are you drawing my blood so much?” The nurse’s best response is:
“The physician ordered it for you.”
“I don’t know, I’ll find out.”
“It shows the balance of protein.”
“To see if you need any replacements.”
“To see if you need any replacements.”
Plasma, the liquid constituent of blood, is correctly identified as which of the following?
interstitial fluid
intravascular fluid
intracellular fluid
40% of total body fluid
intravascular fluid
Potassium functions as which of the following?
the chief electrolyte of extracellular fluid
the most abundant electrolyte in the body
the major cation of intracellular fluid
the chief extracellular anion
the major cation of intracellular fluid
The movement of the solvent water from an area of lesser solute concentration to an area of greater solute concentration until equilibrium is established is known as:
osmosis
diffusion
active transport
filtration
osmosis
The priority nursing assessment for a patient with hypokalemia is:
blood pressure
Chvostek’s sign
edema
heart rhythm
heart rhythm
The priority nursing action for a patient with a serum potassium level of 5.5 mEq/L who has received an oral dose of Kayexalate is to monitor:
urine output
blood pressure
bowel movement
seizure activity
bowel movement
The priority nursing action for a bedridden patient with a serum calcium level of 13 mg/dL is to:
provide passive range-of-motion (ROM) exercises and encourage fluids
teach the patient to increase intake of whole grains and nuts
place a tracheostomy tray at the bedside
administer calcium gluconate IM as prescribed
provide passive range-of-motion (ROM) exercises and encourage fluids
The priority nursing action for a patient with a serum sodium level of 115 mEq/L is:
frequent oral hygiene
monitor vital signs every 2 hours
seizure precautions
cardiac rhythm monitoring
seizure precautions
