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Immunology and Serology > Exam Two > Flashcards

Exam Two Flashcards

1
Q

Which type of mature B cell responds to a protein antigen?

A

B-2 B cells and MZ B cells

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2
Q

V-D-J rearrangement occurs in___________

A

B cells and T cells

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3
Q

True or False: Kappa and lambda light genes are located on the same chromosome.

A

FALSE

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4
Q

Which TCR gene variable regions possess a “J” segment?

A

alpha, beta, and gamma

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5
Q

If you stain DCs with TAP1 antibody, which intracellular compartment would exhibit positive?

A

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum, or Rough ER

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6
Q 
Which of the following cell types would be LEAST likely to express MHC class II?
  A. Mast cells 
  B. B cells 
  C. Dendritic cells 
  D. Macrophages
A

Mast cells

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7
Q

True or False: MHC polymorphisms occur in the peptide-binding groove

A

TRUE

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8
Q

Activated membrane-bound IgM or secreted IgM is determined by _____

A

alternative splicing of pre-mRNA

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9
Q

What happens when HSC is cultured in the presence of Notch ligand?

A

The HSC differentiates into T cells rather than B cells.

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10
Q

BCR and TCR VDJ recombination is an event occurring at what level?

A

the DNA level

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11
Q

True or False: Anchor residues at both ends of the peptides on MHC class I molecules

A

TRUE

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12
Q

What kind of diversity do mature B-1 cells show in their V-region?

A

High or low, depending on the active infection

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13
Q

Where do T-lymphocyte progenitors originate?

A

Bone marrow

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14
Q

What is only expressed in the loci of Ig heavy chain?

A

D (diverse)

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15
Q

If you have an HLA a/b MHC haplotype and 2 siblings, your chances of having the identical haplotype as your sibling are

A

1:4

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16
Q

What kind of signal do cells need to survive during positive selection?

A

intermediate signal

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17
Q

Where are B lymphocytes generated in? Where do they further mature?

A

Bone marrow | spleen

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18
Q

True or False: T cells can recognize MHC molecules

A

TRUE

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19
Q

What happens to autoreactive cells that escape the thymus?

A

They attack self-tissues

20
Q

What is the most developed type of B cell?

A

Pro-B cell

21
Q

When thymocytes interact with MHC II to generate a continuous signal, what cell type is then generated?

A

CD4+ T cells

22
Q

Which TCR gene variable region possesses a “D” segment?

A

δ

23
Q

Which is the most abundant light chain of an antibody in mice?

A

Kappa

24
Q

What is T cell self-MHC restriction?

A

This is when a T-cell clone only recognizes foreign peptides when presented by self-MHC

25
Q

True or False: B cells, like T cells, are MHC class restricted.

A

FALSE

26
Q

What is the function of a CD1 cell?

A

display lipid antigens

27
Q

What is the function of a CD3 cell?

A

T cell coreceptor complex

28
Q

What is the function of a MHC class I cell?

A

binds to CD8 TCR

29
Q

What is the function of a MHC class II cell?

A

binds to CD4 TCR

30
Q

What is the function of a Treg cell?

A

regulate APC cell antigen presentation

31
Q

Which MHC has peptide-binding domain alpha1/beta1?

A

MHC II

32
Q

Which MHC has peptide-binding domain alpha1/alpha2

A

MHC I

33
Q

Positive selection…

A

…results in self-MHC restriction

34
Q

Negative selection…

A

…ensures self-tolerance

35
Q

TNF family cytokines are found in…

A

MHC III

36
Q

Allelic exclusion

A

the mechanism that ensures only one heavy-and-light-chain allele are transcribed and translated from a B cell

37
Q

Professional APCs

A

These antigen-presenting cells are specifically MHC class II-expressing cells, including DCs, macrophages, and B cells.

38
Q

Clonal anergy

A

A method of self-tolerance where autoreactive T cells are inactivated through negative selection

39
Q

Receptor editing

A

the reactivation of recombination machinery on autoreactive receptors in light chains

40
Q

mRNA splicing

A

the cause of IgM and IgD antibodies being expressed by mature B cells. Controls whether membrane-bound or secreted IgM is produced by removing the intervening spacer between the VDJ and C regions

41
Q

Cross-presentation

A

The presentation of exogenous antigens on MHC Class I molecules (mainly DCs) to CD8 T cells.

42
Q

Homozygous

A

having the same alleles at a particular gene locus on homologous chromosomes

43
Q

RSS “12/23 Rule”

A

The rule that a 12 bp recombination signal sequence (RSS) must pair with a 23 bp RSS for V(D)J recombination to occur

44
Q

Self-tolerance

A

The ability for the immune system to recognize and allow for self-produced antigens while avoiding autoimmune diseases from developing. Examples include clonal deletion, arrest, anergy, and editing.

45
Q

Describe the five mechanisms that generate BCR diversity in naïve B cells.

A
  1. Multiple gene segments that can vary in order
  2. Templated P nucleotide addition between joints from asymmetrical cleaving of hairpin structures
  3. Exonuclease trimming that results in losing nucleotides and changing reading frames
  4. Non-templated N nucleotide addition that adds in random nucleotides between joints
  5. Diversity generated with the way in which heavy chains pair with varying light chains
46
Q

Describe the major steps of class I Endogenous pathway presentation.

A

Peptides, generated by proteasomes, are transported from the cytosol to the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) where TAP molecules move the fragments. At this point, MHC class I molecules from RER ribosomes anchor in the RER membrane after their translation.

47
Q

Describe the models that may regulate T cell lineage (SP T cell) commitment.

A

Instructive model: The co-engagement of TCR/CD4 and TCR/CD8 generate signals that instruct T cells which lineage to fully commit to

Stochastic model: Positively-selected thymocytes randomly down-regulate CD4/CD8 with only those with the “correct” coreceptor receiving the signal to continue development

Kinetic signaling model: This model has two branches: Cells committing to the CD4 lineage if they receive a continuous signal, or committing to CD8 lineage of the stimulation signal is interrupted

Immunology and Serology (9 decks)

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