Exam Three Flashcards
The lifetime prevalence of schizophrenia is around
1 percent
symptoms of schizophrenia have been classified as
positive, negative, and disorganized
an exaggerated sense of importance, power, knowledge , or identity is
grandiose delusion
Sensory experiences in the absence of any relevant stimulation from the environment are called
hallucinations
Among those with schizophrenia who suffer from delusions, a large majority experience
delusions of persecution
Which of the following are examples of negative symptoms of schizophrenia?
flat/blunted affect, lack of initiative (avolition), asociality, anhedonia, logia
What are the two domains of negative symptoms of schizophrenia?
motivation and pleasure domain - (motivation, emotional experience, and sociality)
expression domain - (outward expression of emotion and vocalization)
What type of anhedonia do people with schizophrenia have?
anticipatory pleasure, NOT consummatory
What are the forms of schizophrenic delusions?
thought insertion - computer chip in head
thought broadcasting - other ppl can hear your thoughts
external control of feelings and behaviors
grandiose delusions
ideas of reference - moments of “insight” where there really in not connection in reality
What are the positive symptoms of schizophrenia?
delusions and hallucinations
James suffers from schizophrenia and flails his limbs wildly with excitement. This is most appropriately labeled as
catatonia
Catatonia falls under which category of schizophrenia symptoms?
disorganized
Emil Kraepelin and __________ initially formulated the concept of schizophrenia.
Eugene Bleuler
Howard had a psychotic episode following the death of his wife. He had hallucinations in which he would hear her speaking to him, telling him to kill himself. Howard developed elaborate delusions about his ability to communicate with his wife’s spirit. Howard recovered from this episode after one week and had no further symptoms What DSM-5 diagnosis would fit Howard’s case?
breif psychotic disorder (last 1 day to 1 month)
The concordance rate of schizophrenia for fraternal twins is about
12%
schizophreniform disorder
same symptoms of schizophrenia but last only 1-6mos
Which of the following suggests that dopamine receptors are mainly related to positive (not negative) symptoms of schizophrenia?
Antipsychotic drugs reduce only positive symptoms
A consistent brain abnormality found among people with schizophrenia is
enlarged ventricles
In people with schizophrenia, the amount of gray matter in the temporal and frontal cortexes is
less than normal
Which of the following have been proposed as likely contributors to the reductions in hippocampal volume observed in people with schizophrenia?
stress reactivity and a disrupted HPA axis
According to the family theory of schizophrenia, a schizophrenogenic mother would be described as
emotionally cold and domineering
Research investigating the role of the family in schizophrenia best supports the
expressed emotion theory
In regard to studies identifying chromosomal locations of genes involved in schizophrenia,
the results of these studies are simply too varied to justify any firm conclusions.
In the DSM-5, Attenuated Psychosis Syndrome is now
included in section III (conditions needing further research).
One change in the diagnosis of Delusional Disorder is
removal of the requirement that the delusions be “non-bizarre.”
After being discharged from the hospital, case management for people with schizophrenia
typically conducted by a team
Family therapy with families of individuals with schizophrenia commonly emphasizes
education about schizophrenia.
A recent comprehensive randomized controlled clinical trial of medication for schizophrenia compared four second-generation drugs and one first-generation drug against one another. Which of the following was NOT a finding of this study?
The second-generation drugs were much more effective than the older, first-generation drugs.
A possible side-effect of antipsychotic medication used to treat schizophrenia is akathisia,
the inability to remain still.
A problem with any kind of treatment for schizophrenia is that
some people with schizophrenia lack insight into their impaired condition and refuse any treatment at all
The DSM-5 has added __________ to the criteria for pathological substance abuse.
craving substance
Carlos suddenly stopped taking amphetamines after prolonged abuse of the drug. He became very ill and died. His death is an example of severe
withdrawal symptoms
Carlos suddenly stopped taking amphetamines after prolonged abuse of the drug. He became very ill and died. His death is an example of severe
men
The initial effect of alcohol is
pleasurable feeling
Which of the following statements is true?
The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism counsels total abstention from alcohol consumption during pregnancy as the safest course.
In the 1980s a new form of cocaine in rock-crystal form was introduced and called
crack
Which of the following is mentioned in the text as a complicating factor in interpreting findings from studies of the effects of marijuana?
Effects vary widely with potency and dose.
After the effects of heroin wear off, the user typically
experiences a letdown, almost a stupor
Recent research suggests that the tendency to smoke may be controlled in part by
a gene that regulates the reuptake of dopamine.
Recent research has found that alcohol
lessens negative emotions and lessens positive emotions in response to anxiety provoking situations.
Research has suggested that in cultures or social contexts where heavy drinking is considered normal,
there are higher consumption rates.
The treatment goal of Alcoholics Anonymous is
to achieve abstinence from drinking.
The goal of scheduled smoking is
gradual decrease in nicotine, “smoking diet”
A first step for treating people dependent on drugs is
detox
Which of the following statements is FALSE concerning electronic cigarettes?
They are less harmful than smoking because of the lower levels of nicotine and tar in secondhand smoke.
A new disorder in the Substance Use and Addictive Disorders DSM-5 chapter is
gambling
Starting with the DSM-IV, eating disorders were listed as
seperate diagnostic category
In the DSM-IV-TR, ____________ was viewed as a condition requiring further study, but in the DSM-5 it has its own diagnostic category.
binge-eating disorder
Anorexia nervosa implies that those with the disorder become uninterested in food, while the reality is that:
they are preoccupied
When pointing to their ideal male body type, men with eating disorders chose body types that were:
same size as what the average male chooses
Anorexia nervosa typically begins in
adolescence
During binge episodes, many bulimics
experience a feeling of being out of control
As compared to anorexia nervosa, the diagnosis of bulimia nervosa is associated with
lower mortality rates
Which of the following is defined, in part, by the absence of purging?
binge eating
What is the key difference between anorexia nervosa, binge eating, purging type and bulimia nervosa?
AN has severe weight loss
BN no weight loss
BN begins in
late adolescence or early adulthood
If your sister has anorexia nervosa and you are female,
you are over ten times more likely to have anorexia nervosa.
Research regarding the role of the hypothalamus in anorexia nervosa indicates that
dysfunction in the hypothalamus does not seem to be an important factor in anorexia.
Recent research has begun to focus on the role of __________ in eating behavior.
dopamine
Bingeing in a person with anorexia nervosa is most likely to happen
after a lapse in a strict diet
Which of the following statements is true regarding gender differences in eating disorders?
Women are more likely to have both bulimia and anorexia than men.
Eating disorders are more common in women who are
white
The textbook authors assert that psychologists need to consider what when evaluating the personalities of people with anorexia and bulimia?
Severe restriction of food intake can have powerful effects on personality and behavior
A recent area of research in eating disorders has been
child abuse and the link to eating disorders.
Adelaide, who has bulimia, is being treated solely with fluoxetine (Prozac). If she stops taking the drug, she will most likely
relapse
The principal form of psychological treatment for anorexia nervosa is
family therapy
Successful treatment of bulimia nervosa often results in
reduced psychological problems
Studies show that those with eating disorders __________ more than the average person does.
focus on food related words
The new DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa include each of the following except:
amenorrhea
In anorexia nervosa, ______________ is the most central feature.
restriction of food that leads to very low body weight
In contrast to the general Victorian view of the late 1800s and early 1900s, many people in the contemporary Western world believes that __________ of sexual expression may contribute to some problems.
inhibition
