Exam 2 Flashcards
The DSM-5 includes __________ new depressive disorders.
2, disruptive mood regulation and premenstrual dysphoric disorder
According to the DSM-5, bereavement-related symptoms are no longer excluded from the diagnosis of
major depressive disorder
About ____ percent of people with MDD during their lifetime will also meet the criteria of an anxiety disorder at some point.
60%
The most prevalent disorder in the US is
MDD
___ as many girls as boys are exposed to CSA
twice
Which of the following treatments for seasonal affective disorder is now considered a first-line recommendation in the APA Treatment Guidelines for Depression?
regular bright ligth exposure
What is required for the diagnosis of Bipolar II?
at least one episode of depression
Chronic, milder form of bipolar disorder?
cyclothymic
____ of people with bipolar disorder also have anxiety?
2/3
Which disorder has a high heritablility estimate?
bipolar
Trp depletion has been shown to
lower serotonin levels
HIgh levesl of expressed emotion
predict relaspes in depression
hopelessness theory
cognitive diatheses that lead to negative attributions.
global, permanent causes
In bipolar, depressive episodes are likely
triggered by the same causes as MDD
Jolynn was experiencing major depression, and she went to a therapist who treated her with interpersonal therapy. Her therapist probably encouraged her to
examine her own ways of relating to people in her environment
Across paradigms, treatment of mood disorders typically includes
psychoeducation
ECT
can be a highly effective in treating some cases of chronic depression, especially depression with psychotic features.
Medications as a treatment for depression
are used most effectively in conjunction with therapy
A recent study showed that the use of antidepressants for people with bipolar disorder
does not confer any benefit in treating depression when added to a mood stabilizer.
studies in the epidiemiology of suicide suggest that
men are more liely to attempt
anterior cingulate
greater activation in ppl with depression, this distrubance interferes with effective emotional regulation
dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
diminished activity in MDD, hindered emotional regulation
striatum
low activity in MDD, hi activity in bipolar, REWARDS
Cushing’s syndrome
oversecretion of cortisol
attribution
explanation a person forms about why a strssor has occurred, attributional style goes with hopelessness theory
negative triad
Aaron Beck, negative views about self, world and future, schema
Ppl with depression may have
less sensitive serotonin receptors
Among ppl with social anxiety disorder, ___ also experience avoidant personality disorder
1/3
Agoraphobia in the DSM - 5
is its own distinct disorder rather than a subtyp of panic disorder
In Japan, taijin kyofusho involves
fear of embarassing others
Individuals with anxiety disorders
have an over active fear circuit
behavioral inhibition
a tendency to become agitated and cry when faced with new novel toys, people or other stimuli
The reason ppl with panic disorders keep belieiving that the panic attack will be fatal, even after durviving several attacks, is…
they believe their performance of safety behaviors keeps them alive and the negative cognitions remain
COgnitive factors relating to anxiety disorder
sustained negative beliefs about the future (performance of safety behaviors during panic attacks)
perceived lack of control
attention to threat
locus coeruleus
major source of NE in the brain
interoceptive conditioning
first panic attack physiological response yeilds symptoms that trigger other panic attacks int he future
D-cycloserine
is a drug that enhances learning
Extinction involves
learning new associations to stimuli that inhibit activation of the fear response
The estimated heritability for OCD ranges from __________ to __________ percent.
40-50 %
OCD brain
orbitofrontal cortex, anterior cingulate, and caudate nucleus
All three OCD-related disorders respond well to
serotonin reuptake inhibitors
As with the anxiety disorders, PTSD appears to be related to a greater activation of the amygdala and diminished activation of the
medial prefrontal cortex
treatment of ASD
is important, as it decreases the occurance of ptsd
__________ therapy is designed to help victims of rape and childhood sexual abuse to dispute tendencies towards self-blame.
cognitive processing
Taken as a whole, the criteria for Acute Stress Disorder and the criteria for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder are __________ in the DSM-5 than in the DSM-IV-TR.
more similar
A strictly behavioral therapist treating Steve for contamination fear due to OCD would use which of the following interventions?
have steve purposefully get dirty
Rather than being considered part of the avoidance cluster of symptoms, the DSM-5 considers numbing symptoms such as feeling distant from others to be part of the ___________ category.
neg alterations in cognition and mood
In PTSD, criteria for negative alterations in mood or cognition include
blaming others
inability to recall specefic events about the trauma\
more frequent neg mood in kids
Symptoms of PTSD are grouped into which of the following major categories?
re-experiencing the traumatoc event, avoidance of stimuli associated with the event, negatove alterations in cognition and mood, increased arousal or reactivity
If hoarding symptoms develop as part of schizophrenia, hoarding disorder ________
should not be diagnosed
All of the following have been cited as reasons for changes in the prevalence of dissociative identity disorder over the years
changing definitins of schizophrenia
publications of pop accounts
changes in diagnostic criteria
