Exam/Test Rivision

Question 1

What is the United Nations and What’s its purpose?

Answer 1

The United Nations (UN) is an international organization made up of 193 countries. It was created in 1945 after World War II to promote peace, security, and cooperation among nations. The UN works to solve global problems like poverty, climate change, and human rights issues and helps countries avoid wars through diplomacy and peacekeeping efforts. It also provides humanitarian aid during disasters and conflicts.

Question 2

What are the principals of social justice

Answer 2

The five principals of social justice are:

1) Human Rights-Everyone is equal and deserving of human rights.

2) Access-A socially-just society gives everyone equal access to wealth, opportunities, and privileges.

3) Participation: Those most affected by problems are uniquely qualified to solve them.

4) Equity: Ensuring fairness and justice in distribution of resources.

5) Diversity: Recognizing and valuing differences among individuals and groups.

Question 3

what is the form of government in which religious authorities’ rules by implementing the rules of deity considered as the supreme leader?

Answer 3

A form of government in which religious authorities rule by interpreting the laws of a particular God or deity who is considered as the supreme civil ruler.

Question 4

what form of ideology when there is no form of government?

Answer 4

A situation where there is no government. This can happen after a civil war in a country, when a government has been destroyed and rival groups are fighting to take its place. People, who support this system of rule, believe that government is a bad thing. They say it stops people organising their own lives.

Question 5

what form of government involves a small group of people?

Answer 5

An oligarchy is a type of government where a small group of people hold all the power and control over a country or organization. These individuals usually have wealth, social status, military strength, or political influence, and they make decisions that benefit themselves rather than the wider population.

Question 6

What is Human Rights?

Answer 6

Human rights are customs, practices and laws that have developed over centuries to protect people, races, groups and minorities from oppressive rules/governments. This rules states that all members of the human race are equal.

Question 7

what is a constitution?

Answer 7

A constitution is a set of rules that outlines how a country is run. It explains how the government is organized, who has the power to make and enforce laws, and what rights and freedoms people have. The constitution also sets limits on government power to make sure no one becomes too powerful. In Australia, the Constitution outlines the roles of the federal and state governments and how they share responsibilities, ensuring the country is governed fairly and consistently.

Question 8

What does the key governmental value of “responsible government” mean?

Answer 8

Responsible government means that the government must answer to the people and Parliament for its actions. In Australia, this means the leaders, especially the Prime Minister and ministers, are chosen from the elected members of Parliament and must keep the trust of the Parliament to stay in power. If they make bad decisions or lose support, they can be questioned, criticized, or even removed. This system ensures the government stays accountable and acts in the best interest of the people.

Question 9

Define each of the following political ideologies:
a. Communism
b. Theocracy
c. Democracy

Answer 9

A) Communism is a system where all property, factories, and resources are owned by the community or the government, with the goal of creating a classless society where everyone shares wealth equally.

b) A theocracy form of government in which religious authorities rule by interpreting the laws of a particular God or deity who is considered as the supreme civil ruler.

c)democracy is a form of government where the power and authority are vested in the people. In a democracy, citizens have the right to vote, express their opinions, and choose their representatives through free and fair elections.

Question 10

Explain the function of the parliament

Answer 10

The main function of Parliament is to make and change laws for the country. It represents the people by having elected members debate important issues and vote on new laws. Parliament also checks the government’s actions to make sure it stays accountable and uses power fairly. In Australia, it is made up of two houses – the House of Representatives and the Senate – which work together to review and approve laws. This process ensures decisions are carefully considered and reflect the needs of the people.

Question 11

Explain on how the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals contribute to the ongoing respect for human rights and the pursuit of social justice.

Answer 11

The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) promote human rights and social justice by addressing global challenges like poverty, inequality, education, and healthcare. These goals aim to ensure that everyone, regardless of their background, can live with dignity and have equal opportunities. For example, goals like “No Poverty” and “Quality Education” tackle the root causes of inequality, while “Gender Equality” and “Reduced Inequalities” focus on fair treatment for all. By encouraging governments and organizations to work toward these targets, the SDGs help create a world where people’s rights are respected, and everyone can contribute to and benefit from social progress.

Question 15

Outline the function of the executive in government. Identify one person/role who would be part of the executive.

Answer 15

The executive branch of government is responsible for implementing and enforcing laws, managing the day-to-day operations of government, and overseeing public administration. Its main functions include enforcing laws, administering government departments and agencies, developing and proposing new policies, managing national security, and preparing the government’s budget. A key person in the executive branch is the Prime Minister, who serves as the head of government in Australia. The Prime Minister leads the executive branch, makes important policy decisions, and represents the country both domestically and internationally.

Question 16

Which Australian political party is positioned on the right wing of the political spectrum?

Answer 16

In Australia, the main political party positioned on the right wing of the political spectrum is the Liberal Party of Australia. It promotes policies centered around free-market economics, individual responsibility, and limited government intervention. The Liberal Party often forms a coalition with the National Party, which represents rural and regional interests and shares many right-wing values.

Together, they are known as the Coalition and advocate for conservative economic policies, national security, and traditional social values.

Question 17

What does the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development consist of?

Answer 17

The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development is a plan created by all United Nations countries in 2015 to help improve lives and protect the planet by the year 2030. It includes 17 goals that focus on important issues like ending poverty, fighting inequality, addressing climate change, and ensuring quality education for everyone. The agenda emphasizes five main ideas: helping people, protecting the environment, promoting economic growth, building peaceful societies, and working together globally. A key part of this plan is to make sure that no one is left behind, especially those who are most vulnerable. Countries are encouraged to share their progress regularly, showing how they are working towards these goals in a balanced way that considers economic, social, and environmental needs.

Question 18

What is the lower house of the Australian Parliament?

Answer 18

The lower house of the Australian Parliament is called the House of Representatives. It is responsible for making and passing laws and is composed of Members of Parliament (MPs) who are elected by the public in various electoral divisions across Australia. The House of Representatives plays a key role in representing the interests of the Australian people, and the government is formed by the political party (or coalition) that holds the majority of seats in this house. The House of Representatives works alongside the Senate, which is the upper house of Parliament.

Question 19

What does the term “corruption” refer to?

Answer 19

Corruption refers to dishonest or unethical behavior by individuals in power, often involving the misuse of their position for personal gain. This can include bribery, fraud, or favoritism.

For example, if a government official accepts money to grant a contract to a specific company, even if that company isn’t the best choice, that’s corruption. The official is using their power to benefit themselves financially instead of making a fair decision for the community.

Question 20

Define the concept of Social Justice.

Answer 20

Social justice is the idea that everyone should have fair treatment and equal access to opportunities, resources, and rights in society. It focuses on reducing inequalities related to race, gender, income, and other factors, ensuring that all people can participate fully and benefit from society. Social justice promotes inclusivity and aims to remove barriers that lead to discrimination, helping create a society where everyone can succeed and contribute, no matter their background.

Question 21

Identify one responsibility of a ‘global citizen’.

Answer 21

One responsibility of a global citizen is to promote and advocate for human rights and social justice around the world. This involves being aware of global issues, such as poverty, inequality, and discrimination, and taking action to support those in need, whether through raising awareness, volunteering, or supporting organizations that work towards positive change. By doing so, global citizens contribute to building a more just, equitable, and sustainable world for everyone.

Question 22

what is a global citizen

Answer 22

global citizen is someone who sees themselves as a member of the world community rather than just their own country or local community. It means recognising that we are all connected and share a common responsibility for the well-being of the planet and its people.

Question 23

What are the powers of the Commonwealth Parliament?

Answer 23

The Australian Commonwealth Parliament’s powers are defined by the Constitution and are categorized into exclusive, concurrent, and residual powers. Exclusive powers are those solely held by the Commonwealth, such as defense, immigration, and currency. Concurrent powers are shared with state parliaments, including areas like taxation and marriage, with Commonwealth law taking precedence in the event of a conflict. Residual powers, which are not outlined in the Constitution, remain with the states, allowing them to legislate on matters like education, health, and transport. This division of powers ensures a balance of authority between the national and state governments.