Exam Revision 6 Flashcards
How do democratic systems differ from
authoritarian governments?
In simple terms, a democratic system allows people to choose their leaders and have a say in decisions through voting and free speech. Power is shared, and leaders are accountable to the people.
whereas, In an authoritarian government, power is concentrated in one person or a small group. People have little to no say in decisions, and leaders are not accountable to the public. Rights like free speech and free elections are of
Do you think communism is a fair system of government
Communism is a system where the government controls all resources and wealth, aiming to create equality by eliminating private property. In theory, this should lead to a fair society where everyone has what they need, and there is no poverty or social class. However, in practice, communist governments have often faced challenges, such as limited personal freedom, lack of motivation to work hard without personal rewards, and economic inefficiencies. These issues have led some people to see communism as an ideal that’s difficult to achieve successfully.
What is the rule of law
Rule of law: The rule of law means that laws are applied equally to all individuals and institutions, including the government. It ensures that no one is above the law and that legal processes are fair and impartial. Upholding the rule of law protects citizens from arbitrary actions and promotes a just and stable society.
What is the separation of powers?
The separation of powers is a system in government where power is divided among three branches: the legislative, executive, and judicial. This system ensures that no single branch has too much power. The legislative branch makes the laws, the executive branch enforces them, and the judicial branch interprets them. By keeping these powers separate, each branch can check and balance the others, protecting against abuses of power and promoting fairness in government.
What is civil rights
Civil Rights are the rights of liberty and equal treatment before the law, including provisions to protect the liberty of a person, freedom of speech, thought and faith, as well as rights to justice and freedom without restrictions from the state.
Explain the three components of the democratic system of the government and their functions?
1)Legislature: (Parliament)
The legislature is the branch of government responsible for making laws. It represents the people and is usually composed of elected representatives. Its functions include:
- Lawmaking:
The primary role of the legislature is to propose, debate, and pass laws that govern the country. This involves the drafting, discussion, amendment, and voting on bills. - Representation:
Legislatures represent the interests of the citizens and ensure that various perspectives and concerns are considered in the lawmaking process. Representatives act as a voice for their constituents.
In the political spectrum what is the Far-right wing?
The belief of ‘far right wing’ states that people should not have equal rights or receive protections because some are “superior” to others. In a fascist society some groups are prevented from becoming equal due to discrimination. This could be based on race, religion, social class or ethnicity. In practice, fascist states do not have freedoms for the people. In the ‘far right wing’ there is a large divide between rich and poor.
what is one chrematistic of economic right and how does this differ from the left?
One characteristic of the economic right is a belief in limited government intervention in the economy. Those on the economic right tend to advocate for free markets and minimal government regulation in economic affairs.
what is the universal declaration of human rights?
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is a foundational document adopted by the United Nations in 1948 that outlines the basic rights and freedoms to which all humans are entitled. It consists of 30 articles that address various rights, including the right to life, liberty, education, and freedom from discrimination. The UDHR serves as a global standard for promoting and protecting human rights, emphasizing the inherent dignity of every individual and the importance of ensuring that all people can enjoy these rights without discrimination.
What is the purpose of international relations?
The purpose of international relations is to manage and foster interactions between countries, promoting cooperation, peace, and security on a global scale. It aims to address complex global issues, including trade, human rights, environmental concerns, and conflict resolution, through diplomacy and multilateral efforts. International relations help establish norms, treaties, and alliances that encourage stability and development, benefiting both individual nations and the global community. Ultimately, it seeks to build a framework where countries can collaborate and address shared challenges, supporting a more interconnected and resilient world.
What do international relations aim to do and understand about the world
International relations aim to understand the complex dynamics of interactions between countries and other global actors, including the motivations behind state actions, power structures, and the effects of cultural, economic, and political factors. It seeks to analyze and explain patterns of cooperation and conflict, helping us understand why nations ally or go to war, how global institutions shape policies, and what factors contribute to global stability or instability. By examining these aspects, international relations aim to promote informed strategies for peace, economic growth, and problem-solving on a global scale, ultimately fostering a more stable and interconnected world.
What do NGOs do?
Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) work independently from governments to address social, environmental, humanitarian, and economic issues worldwide. They often focus on providing essential services, advocating for human rights, supporting development projects, and raising awareness on critical issues like poverty, health, and climate change. NGOs operate on local, national, or international levels, mobilizing resources, conducting research, and partnering with communities to create positive change. Their work complements government efforts, often stepping in where public services may be limited or absent, with the ultimate goal of improving lives and promoting sustainable development.
What is the universal declaration of human rights
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is a foundational document adopted by the United Nations in 1948 that outlines the basic rights and freedoms to which all humans are entitled. It consists of 30 articles that address various rights, including the right to life, liberty, education, and freedom from discrimination. The UDHR serves as a global standard for promoting and protecting human rights, emphasizing the inherent dignity of every individual and the importance of ensuring that all people can enjoy these rights without discrimination.
How is the progress of the sustainable development goals been accessed
The progress of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is assessed through global monitoring and reporting frameworks, primarily led by the United Nations. Each year, the UN publishes the Sustainable Development Goals Report, which analyzes progress based on data collected from countries worldwide. This report relies on various indicators for each goal, covering issues like poverty, education, health, and environmental protection. Alongside this, national governments and international organizations regularly review their contributions, addressing challenges such as data gaps, unequal progress across regions, and external factors like pandemics or conflicts that impact SDG advancement.
