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Choral Music Seminar > Exam Terms > Flashcards

Exam Terms Flashcards

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1
Q

A cappella

A

Performance by voices without instrumental accompaniment

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2
Q

Alternatim

A

Alternation of polyphony and Gregorian chant, common in Magnificats

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3
Q

Anthem

A

English-language setting of a sacred text; Anglican Protestant equivalent of a Catholic motet

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4
Q

Ars antiqua

A

Style of sacred music during the High Middle Ages, including Notre-Dame school of polyphony and the development of the motet

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5
Q

Ars nova

A

Style of 14th-century polyphonic music; characterized by greater expressiveness and more prevalent isorhythm

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6
Q

Ballett

A

Secular genre in England and Italy; homophonic, repeated sections of music, dance qualities, fa-la-la refrains

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7
Q

Basso continuo

A

Independent melodic bass line in vocal compositions; synonymous with figured bass

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8
Q

Basso seguente

A

Predecessor of basso continuo: instrumental bass duplicates the lowest vocal part

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9
Q

Cantoris

A

In cor spezzati, cantoris is on the left/cantor’s side

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10
Q

Decani

A

In cor spezzati, decani is on the right/deacon’s side

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11
Q

Cantus firmus

A

One voice part, usually tenor, set in longer note values than other parts, often from a preexisting melody

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12
Q

Canzonetta

A

Secular genre in England and Italy; predominant melody in topmost part of vocal texture

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13
Q

Catch

A

English round set to a humorous or crude text and scored for three male voices

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14
Q

Cecilian

A

Related to the motet style of Palestrina

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15
Q

Chanson

A

Secular composition set to French text; meant for performance by soloists in ensemble; counterpart to the Italian Madrigal

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16
Q

Cor spezzati

A

Denotes polychoral works for broken or divided choirs to be separated spatially in performance; popular at St. Mark’s Basilica in Venice

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17
Q

Colla parte

A

“With the parts,” designates instruments that should play from and with vocal parts

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18
Q

Collegium Musicum

A

Society of amateur musicians, such as a college or university, that presents regular concerts

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19
Q

Color

A

In isorhythm, phrases that were repeated with identical rhythms and melodies

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20
Q

Concert spirituel

A

First public concert society in France, est. 1725

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21
Q

Contrafactum

A

Vocal work where new text, usually sacred, has been substituted for the original text, usually secular

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22
Q

Contratenor

A

Male alto part in England

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23
Q

Council of Trent

A

Part of the Counter-Reformation; mandated intelligibility of text in all sacred music; promoted syllabic and declamatory musical settings

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24
Q

Counterpoint

A

Combination of multiple melodic lines, usually in fugal arrangement

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25
Q

Counter-Reformation

A

Catholic resurgence and reform in response to the Protestant Reformation

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26
Q

Countertenor

A

General term for a male alto

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27
Q

Cyclic Mass

A

In which each movement begins with the same material and is then developed

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28
Q

Discant

A

Medieval style in which all parts move at the same speed; Renaissance developments included melodically prominent upper part

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29
Q

Fauxbourdon

A

Technique in which parts move in parallel motion

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30
Q

Fioritura

A

Complex embellishment of melodic lines

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31
Q

Formes fixes

A

Secular compositional structures with repeated verse and refrain schemes

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32
Q

Frottola

A

Secular genre with humorous or crude text; homophonic, solo SATB voices

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33
Q

Full anthem

A

Scored for a cappella chorus, without soloists or instrumental

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34
Q

Gentleman of the Chapel Royal

A

Adult male singer in English royal chapel, highest rank for a musician in England

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35
Q

Grand motet

A

Large, multimovement French motet

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36
Q

Haute-contre

A

French term for countertenor

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37
Q

Head motif

A

Group of 4-6 notes used as a unifying device at the beginning of Cyclic Mass Ordinary movements

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38
Q

Hemiola

A

Substitution creating a two-against-three rhythm

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39
Q

Historia, historiae

A

German settings of the nativity, passion, and resurrection stories

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40
Q

Hocket

A

Medieval comp device using quick alternation of notes between two voices

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41
Q

Homophony

A

Vertical/chordal texture of music, as opposed to polyphony/counterpoint

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42
Q

Incipit

A

Indicates short chant fragment that begins the Gloria, Credo, or other compositions

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43
Q

Intermedii

A

Musical interludes for soloists and chorus between acts of spoken plays in Italy

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44
Q

Isorhythm

A

Medieval structure involving repetition of phrases - talea and color

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45
Q

Kantorei

A

Singers and instrumentalists in a German chapel, court, or cathedral

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46
Q

Kapellmeister

A

German for “chapel master”

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47
Q

Lai

A

Monophonic secular song of Medieval era

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48
Q

Lamentations

A

Renaissance musical settings of verses from BOL, important element of Holy Week services

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49
Q

Lauda

A

Nonliturgical, monophonic, sacred composition; syllabic, verse/refrain format, Italian text

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50
Q

L’homme arme

A

Extremely popular Renaissance chanson melody upon which many masses were based

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51
Q

Liber usualis

A

Book of chants used in Roman Catholic liturgies and offices

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52
Q

Lied

A

German song characterized by homophony, predominant melody in top voice and accompanimental texture in lower voices

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53
Q

Madrigal

A

Small-scale Italian secular composition scored for solo voices in ensemble

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54
Q

Maestro della musica

A

Italian musical master of a court

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55
Q

Maestro di cappella

A

Italian musical master of a chapel or cathedral

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56
Q

Magnificat

A

Musical setting of text from Luke - “My soul magnifies the Lord”

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57
Q

Maitre de chapelle

A

Highest musical position in a French chapel

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58
Q

Maitre de musique

A

Highest musical position in a French court or cathedral

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59
Q

Maitre des enfants

A

Master of the choristers

60
Q

Mass Ordinary

A

Elements of the mass that remain consistent: Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus, and Agnus Dei

61
Q

Mass Proper

A

Variable based on day or season: Introit, Gradual, Alleluia/Tract, Sequence, Offertory, Communion

62
Q

Mean

A

Soprano voice part in England, lower than treble

63
Q

Melisma

A

Long group of notes set to a single syllable of text

64
Q

Monody

A

Monophonic melodic line, usually accompanied by basso continuo

65
Q

Monophony

A

Single unaccompanied melodic line, such as Gregorian chant

66
Q

Montpelier Codex

A

Compilation/source of 13th-century French polyphony

67
Q

Motet

A

Genre set to a sacred Latin text, scored for chorus in imitative style

68
Q

Musica ficta

A

Process of raising notated pitches by a half step to avoid tritones and reach cadences by half steps

69
Q

Musica reservata

A

Compositions that set texts in an expressive manner without overt word painting

70
Q

Musica Transalpina

A

Collection of translated Italian madrigals published in England that led to the development of the English Madrigal

71
Q

Musique mesuree

A

In chansons, long and short rhythmic values that correspond to accented and unaccented syllables of text

72
Q

Neume

A

A note in Gregorian chant

73
Q

Note nere

A

Comp style common to later Italian Madrigals, characterized by black notes (quarter and eighth) as opposed to white notes (half and whole)

74
Q

Odhecaton

A

Harmonice Musices Odhecaton - anthology of polyphonic secular songs published by Ottaviano Petrucci in 1501 in Venice

75
Q

Old Hall Manuscript

A

Collection of late 14th and early 15th century English sacred music

76
Q

Organum

A

Medieval comp style in which improvised voice followed an existing liturgical chant melody

77
Q

Ostinato

A

Pattern of notes repeated consecutively at least several times

78
Q

Paired duets

A

Imitation between a pair of high voices and a pair of low voices; commonly used by Josquin Desprez

79
Q

Paraphrase

A

Freely composed melody based upon a pre-existing melody, usually a chant

80
Q

Paraphrase Mass

A

In which one voice is set to borrowed material, and other voices contain newly composed material

81
Q

Parody Mass

A

Based upon all voice parts of a previously composed piece of music

82
Q

Parisian Chanson

A

homophonic style of chanson popularized by publisher Pierre Attaingnant

83
Q

Passagio

A

Melismas that are fast in tempo and require virtuosic skills

84
Q

Passion

A

Oratorio based on the crucifixion story

85
Q

Pastorale

A

A play that incorporates songs and choruses

86
Q

Petit motet

A

Small-scale French motet scored for soloists and basso continuo; counterpart to grand motet

87
Q

Point of imitation

A

Section of music, set to one text phrase, that all parts imitate in melody and rhythm; most common in the Late Renaissance

88
Q

Programmatic chanson

A

Narrative chansons that featured onomatopoeic sounds, such as those by Janequin.

89
Q

Polyphony

A

Multiple lines of music, each of which maintains independence

90
Q

Polytextuality

A

Medieval comp practice of two or more texts, often in different languages, occurring in the same piece

91
Q

Prima prattica

A

In which polyphony was treated as more important than text; characterized by imitative polyphony, scored for voices a cappella, or voices with nonindependent basso continuo

92
Q

Quodlibet

A

Composition in which multiple preexisting melodies appear successively or simultaneously

93
Q

Reformation

A

Theological movement that marked the beginning of Protestantism and brought about the use of vernacular in religious compositions

94
Q

Requiem

A

Or Missa pro defunctis - a mass for the dead

95
Q

Responsorial

A

Alternation of a soloist(s) and chorus

96
Q

Ritornello

A

Short, usually instrumental passage of music that recurs as an interlude

97
Q

Sackbut

A

Early form of trombone, used in colla parte accompaniment

98
Q

Sarum chant

A

Used primarily at Salisbury Cathedral in England between 13th and 15th centuries

99
Q

Seconda prattica

A

In which text was prioritized over melody and rhythm; characterized by vertical texture, scoring for soloists and chorus, independent basso continuo accomp

100
Q

Sequence

A

Medieval trope inserted between phrases of liturgical chant

101
Q

Sine nomine

A

Style of Renaissance mass with no identified source of compositional material

102
Q

Si placet

A

Indicates that vocal and instrumental scoring should be based on resources at hand or personal preference

103
Q

Soggeto Cavato

A

Cantus firmus constructed of pitches that correspond to vowels of a name

104
Q

Soggeto Cavato Mass

A

Style of mass in which cantus firmus is constructed of pitches that correspond to the vowels of a name

105
Q

Stile antico

A

Baroque term for the Renaissance prima prattica style

106
Q

Strophic

A

Multiple verses of text set to the same music

107
Q

Tactus

A

Basic metrical unit in medieval music

108
Q

Taille

A

French term for tenor

109
Q

Talea

A

In isorhythm, phrases that were repeated with identical rhythms but different melodies

110
Q

Te Deum

A

Celebratory musical setting of sacred text “Te Deum laudamus, te Dominum confitemur”

111
Q

Tessitura

A

Range of a vocal or instrumental part

112
Q

Through-composed

A

Style of comp characterized by continuous flow of new music, without sectional repeats

113
Q

Treble

A

Highest voice part in the soprano range

114
Q

Trope

A

Medieval practice of new music inserted between phrases of liturgical chant

115
Q

Treatise

A

A publication that reports/explains current compositional practice and music theory

116
Q

Trent Codices

A

Collection of manuscripts compiled in the 15th century in Italy

117
Q

Tudor

A

Era in the English monarchy between the late 1400s and ~1600

118
Q

Tutti

A

Performance by all vocal/instrumental forces of a composition

119
Q

Verse anthem

A

Scored for soloists, chorus, and accompaniment (either organ or consort of viols)

120
Q

Villancico

A

Spanish genre characterized by coplas (verses) and estribillo (refrain); strophic and homophonic; usually secular in early Renaissance and sacred in late Renaissance

121
Q

Villanella

A

Italian secular genre in late Renaissance; strophic, three voices with prominent melody in top voice

122
Q

Viol

A

Any fretted and bowed instrument

123
Q

Viol da gamba

A

Viol played on or between the legs

124
Q

Voice exchange

A

Scoring of two voices in same vocal range that exchange melodic passages

125
Q

Word painting

A

Effect created by musical figures that illustrate textual words or phrases

126
Q

Cantata (early and late)

A

Early: secular text, solo voices, and basso continuo
Late: sacred text, solos, chorus, and instruments

127
Q

Chorale

A

Hymn used in the Lutheran Church

128
Q

Concertato

A

Style that employs contrast between smaller (concertino) and larger (concerto grosso) performing forces

129
Q

Concerto Grosso

A

Larger force of a concertato - chorus and full instrumentation

130
Q

Da capo

A

Indication of repeated A section in ABA structure

131
Q

Figured bass

A

Notation of chords to be realized above basso continuo

132
Q

Historicus

A

The evangelist or narrator in an oratorio

133
Q

Messa di voce

A

Swelling and decreasing the volume of single notes

134
Q

Oboe da caccia

A

Baroque oboe in tenor range

135
Q

Oboe d’amore

A

Baroque oboe in alto range

136
Q

Ode

A

Secular poetry, scored for soloists, chorus, and instruments, and often celebrating special occasions

137
Q

Oratorio

A

Multimovement setting of a sacred dramatic/moral text for soloists, chorus, and instruments

138
Q

Oratory

A

Building or area of church where oratorio performances were given

139
Q

Recitative

A

Style in which solo voice emulates natural speech

140
Q

Stile concertato

A

Style employing contrast between larger and smaller performing forces

141
Q

Stile moderno

A

Seconda prattica
Text prioritized over music

142
Q

Stile rappresentativo

A

Freedom of rhythm to emulate natural speech patterns

143
Q

Theorbo

A

Large bass lute used as basso continuo

144
Q

Viola d’amore

A

Viol with range of a modern viola

145
Q
A

Choral Music Seminar (7 decks)

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