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Science Term 1 2024 > Exam Term 1 Flash Cards > Flashcards

Exam Term 1 Flash Cards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the definition for mitosis?

A

In order to create two identical nuclei and prepare for cell division and then segregate them.

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2
Q

What are the stages of mitosis?

A

Interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase and cytokinesis.

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3
Q

What is a Gamete?

A

It is an animal or plant’s reproductive cell.

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4
Q

What is a somatic cell?

A

Any cell of a living organism that isn’t a reproductive cell.

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5
Q

What kind of cell is a somatic cell,
(body cell or sex cell)?

A

Body cell.

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6
Q

What is a haploid cell?

A

A cell with a single pair of chromosomes.

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7
Q

How many chromosomes does a haploid cell have?

A

23 single sets of chromosomes.

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8
Q

What kind of cell is a Haploid cell,
(sex cell, body cell)

A

Sex cell.

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9
Q

What is a diploid cell?

A

A diploid cell is two copies of each chromosomes in a single cell.

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10
Q

What is the term Phenotype?

A

“Phenotype is what you see in an individual - like their physical appearance or behavior. It’s influenced by both their genetic makeup and the environment they’re in.”

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11
Q

What is a Genotype?

A

When we talk about a person’s genotype, we’re talking about their DNA sequence. This includes the two versions of a gene that they inherit from each parent.

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12
Q

What is DNA?

A

It is the molecule that contains the genetic information necessary for an organisms growth and operation.

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13
Q

What is the structure of DNA?

A

It is composed of two connected strands that spiral around each other to create a twisted ladder.

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14
Q

What is a Gene?

A

The fundamental genetic material that is transmitted from parent to child.

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15
Q

What is a Chromosome?

A

They are composed of one DNA molecule plus protein.

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16
Q

Where are chromosomes found?

A

They are found in the nucleus of both plants and animals.

17
Q

What is the chromosomes job?

A

They are responsible for transmitting genetic information from one cell to the next.

18
Q

What structure do chromosomes have?

A

Chromosomes have thread-like structure.

19
Q

What is an allele?

A

Is one of two or more variations of a DNA sequence.

20
Q

What is a dominant gene?

A

It is a more dominant gene. It masks the recessive gene.

21
Q

What is a recessive gene?

A

They are expressed in offspring only when inherited from there parents.

22
Q

What does the term homozygous mean?

A

It means you got two identical genetic traits from both your mom and dad.

23
Q

What does the term Heterozygous mean?

A

It refers to having two different alleles for a particular trait.

24
Q

What is Amino Acids?

A

It is the molecules that combine to form proteins.

25
Q

What is a chromatid?

A

One of the two identical halves of a chromosome that has been replicated in preparation for cell division.

26
Q

What is the purpose of amino acids?

A

The human body uses it to make proteins and help the body break down food.

27
Q

What are complementary based pairs?

A

Pairs of base that are chemically bonded together by hydrogen bonds.

28
Q

What does Autosome mean?

A

It is one of the numbered chromosomes (not the sex chromosomes XX or XY)

29
Q

What does the term karyotype mean?

A

It is an individuals complete set of chromosomes.

30
Q

What is Meiosis?

A

It is a type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that reduces the number of chromosomes in gametes.

It’s a way cells divide in animals, plants, and other organisms sexually reproduce. During meiosis, the number of chromosomes gets cut in half, which is important for forming reproductive cells like eggs and sperm with the right number of chromosomes.

31
Q

What is a Nucleotide?

A

It is the basic building block of nucleic acids (RNA and DNA) it consists of a sugar molecule attached to a phosphate group and nitrogen base.

32
Q

What is a pedigree?

A

The family or individuals documented ancestry.

33
Q

What are the nitrogen bases?

A

The pairs that go together are Adenine and Thymine, Cytosine and Guanine. Or in other words AT/TA and CG/GC.

34
Q

what is the eye colour going to be for this Bb.

B=Brown. b=blue

A

Brown eyes.

35
Q

What is the recessive gene out of B and b

A

b.

Science Term 1 2024 (4 decks)

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