Exam tech Flashcards
give/state/define/identify
simple recall of facts or definitions
describe/outline
say WHAT happens in a process or graph or results (but NOT why)
explain
say HOW or WHY something happens in detail
illustrate
explain (how and why) using EXAMPLES (based off no. of marks)
summarise
describe AND explain MAIN POINTS
compare
similarities AND differences
evaluate/discuss
give advantages AND disadvantages followed by summary/statement/opinion
quality
does support AND does not support
justify
pros AND cons followed by SUMMARY STATEMENT (usually to explain why something already happens or takes place in the way it does)
suggest
use knowledge and apply to an unfamiliar example
conclude
make decision about something (no. of marks indicates no. of conclusions)
analyse
explain AND evaluate/justify THEN conclude (use data and figures if necessary)
five specific ways of “moving”
- diffusion
- facilitated diffusion
- active transport
- co-transport
- osmosis
when can the word “transport” be used?
when talking about vesicles or organelles moving within a cell (active movement)
how are chonromsomes and chromatids “moved”?
“pulled” by spindle fibres
six things to talk about in “describing graphs”
- rate of change
- shape of curve (exponential, sigmoid, proportional etc)
- plateau
- fluctuations
- origin of graph (where does the change start)
- use data/ % changes
how can graphs be split up?
- no. of marks = number of parts
OR - initial trend, change in tend, final trend (three parts)
how can data tables be split up?
- initial trend
- change in trend
- final trend
(usually look at means)
how to “describe data”
- describe different trends
- calculate differences within a group of results
- calculate differences between groups of results
- calculate % change
- identify anomalies
- make a concluding statement if it says conclude
“use the figure” vs “use the figure and your own knowledge”
- use the figure ONLY accepts information from the figure
- and your own knowledge requires points from the figure and points NOT INCLUDED in question
why are repeats taken?
- IDENTIFY anomalies
- calculate means (without anomalies)
- reduce % error
why is reproducibility important?
- enables peer review
- signifies a workable method
why is validity important?
ALL variables controlled meaning other factors affecting results are ruled out
how can validity be improved?
- having an experimental control
- controlling all variables
