Biological molecules

Question 1

hexose monosaccharide examples

Answer 1

• α/β-glucose
• fructose
• galactose

Question 2

disaccharide examples (and their components)

Answer 2

• sucrose (fructose + glucose)
• lactose (glucose + galactose)

Question 3

what enzyme catalysed the reaction of peptide bonds?

Answer 3

peptidyl transferase

Question 4

how many amino acids are there?

Answer 4

20

Question 5

three types of amino acids (how many of each)

Answer 5

• essential (11)
• non-essential (9)
• conditionally essential (8)

Question 6

pentose monosaccharides examples

Answer 6

• ribose
• deoxyribose

Question 7

what type of molecules are lipids?

Answer 7

macromolecules

Question 8

what bonds are present in secondary protein structures?

Answer 8

• H bonds (between joints in α helixes and between peaks in β pleated sheets)

Question 9

what bonds and interactions are present in tertiary protein structures?

Answer 9

• disulfide bridges
• H bonds
• ionic bonds
• hydrophobic/hydrophilic interactions

Question 10

what amino acid forms disulfide bridges?

Answer 10

cysteine (R group contains sulfur)

Question 11

who provided evidence for semi-conservative replication?

Answer 11

Meselson and Stahl (replicated a sample of normal ligh N DNA with only heavy N nucleotides and centrifuged to see different proportions of layers)

Question 12

how many bonds form between each base pair?

Answer 12

CG: 3
AT: 2

Question 13

why are the complementary base pairing rules beneficial?

Answer 13

• always equal amounts of A+T and C+G
• size difference/ purine always bonds with a pyramidine maintains a constant distance between two DNA backbones (keep it (anti)parallel)