Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Applied Science > Exam style question > Flashcards

Exam style question Flashcards

1
Q

What is the role of the cerebellum?

A

Controls the skeletal muscle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Explain how sensory neurones ensure a fast speed of conduction of nerve impulses.

A

Myelinated so the impulses jump from node to node.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Structure of neurone

A

Vesicle
Synapse
Receptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Explain the role of acetylcholinesterase.

A

Breaks down acetylcholine so products can be recycled.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Name a disorder caused by a lack of acetylcholine

A

Alzheimer’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are lipids broken down into?

A

Fatty acids and glycerol.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Name the type of reaction that breaks the ester bonds.

A

Hydrolysis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Describe two effects of gastrin that help the process of digestion.

A

Release of hydrochloric acid.

Increase muscle contractions of stomach.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Explain why there are are side effects of taking orlistat

A

Fats are not broken down and cannot be absorbed because lipase activity is reduced.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Give two ways a person taking orlistat could help prevent vitamin D.

A

Vitamin D supplements

Stop taking orlistat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Label an actin filament and a myosin filament.

A

Actin is thin

Myosin is thick

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe what happens to the position of the actin filaments when the muscle contracts.

A

The actin filaments slide over the myosin filaments.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Explain the role of ATP in the sliding filament theory of muscle contraction.

A

Breaks the actin so that the myosin head moves to its cocked position.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Explain what happens to unblock the binding sites when a nerve impulse arrives at the myofibril.

A

Calcium ions are released which binds to troponin and causes tropomyosin to change shape.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are three features of slow twitch fibres?

A

Respire aerobically
Respire fat stores in the body
Large stores of glycogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

One function of the skeleton

A

Blood cell production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Describe the role of creatine phosphate in muscles.

A

Provides phosphate ions to make ATP to provide a quick supply of ATP.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Name the neurotransmitter that is linked to Parkinson’s disease.

A

Dopamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Suggest how increasing creatine pjospjate in muscle cells might reduce the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease.

A

Provide more energy for improved muscle contraction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Explain why people with CF get tired quickly when they exercise.

A

More mucus, so less air into the lungs, meaning there is less oxygen for respiration.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Why does blood plasma not carry much oxygen?

A

Oxygen does not dissolve.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Explain why the oxygen dissociate curve for haemoglobin is that shape

A

Oxygen binds to haemoglobin which enters the shape of the haemoglobin. This makes it easier for subsequent oxygen molecules to bind.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Explain how the Bohr effect helps maintain a high rate of respiration during exercise.

A

Respiration produces carbon dioxide which decreases the affinity of haemoglobin for oxygen.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the type of joint in the hand?

A

Gliding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What bone is part of the axial skeleton?

A

Skull and Jaw

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What type of joint can only move in one plane?

A

Hinge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Name the process that breaks down old bone.

A

Resorption.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Give two features of fast-twitch muscle fibres

A

Generate ATP quickly

Fatigue quickly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Why does the percentage of fast-twitch fibres decrease as a person gets older?

A

Not as active.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is the name of the oxygen-binding protein that slow-twitch muscle fibres have?

A

Myoglobin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Which disease is caused by a lack of vitamin D?

A

Rickets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Two foods that have a high vitamin D contenet

A

Eggs, fish

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Two symptoms of high blood pressure

A

Short of breath

Fatigue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

One use of carbohydrate in the human body

A

Respiration.

35
Q

Two adaptions of the small intestine that help to speed up the rate pf absorption into blood,

A

Large surface area

Good blood supply.

36
Q

What are the two main nervous systems?

A

Central nervous system & peripheral nervous system

37
Q

What two nervous systems are linked to the peripheral nervous system?

A

Autonomic nervous system & somatic nervous system

38
Q

What two nervous systems are linked to the autonomic nervous system?

A

Parasympathetic nervous system & sympathetic nervous system

39
Q

What is the role of the somatic nervous system?

A

Voluntary actions

40
Q

Give two effects of stimulating the sympathetic nervous system.

A

Increased heart rate

Dilated pupils

41
Q

Describe how the neurotransmitter causes a nerve impulse to start

A

Neurotransmitter diffuses and binds to receptors which cause sodium ion channels to open.

42
Q

Describe what happens to the neurotransmitter after a new impulse starts in the neurone

A

Neurotransmitter leaves receptor and is broken down by enzymes. Breakdown products diffuse back to presynaptic membrane.

43
Q

Explain how the difference in pH in an active muscle compared with the pH in the lungs increases the efficiency of oxygen transport

A

pH in the muscle is lower due to a higher carbon dioxide concentration This means affinity to oxygen decreases so more oxygen is released.

44
Q

Explain how training at high altitudes affects oxygen transportation

A

Lower partial pressure of oxygen meaning more difficult to load oxygen. Therefore, there is an increase in the number of red blood cells.

45
Q

Explain how the gall bladder helps speed up the digestion of fats.

A

Releases bile which emulsifies the fats and gives a larger surface area.

46
Q

What enzyme substrate is used for carbohydrase?

A

Carbohydrates

47
Q

What enzyme substrate is used for lipase?

A

fats

48
Q

What enzyme substrate is used for protease?

A

Protein

49
Q

What is the name of the deficiency disease caused by vitamin C deficiency?

A

Scurvy

50
Q

Give two symptoms of vitamin C deficiency

A

Fatigue & shortness of breath

51
Q

Suggest two ways in which vitamin C deficiency can be treated

A

Vitamin C supplements

Eat foods high in vitamin C

52
Q

What is the function of the frontal lobe?

A

Emotions and reasoning

53
Q

What is the function of the occipital lobe?

A

Visual processing

54
Q

What is the function of the parietal lobe?

A

Movement and recognition

55
Q

What is the function of the temporal lobe?

A

Memory and speech

56
Q

Where in the brain are the lobes found?

A

Cerebral cortex

57
Q

Which part of the nervous system causes heart to increase and dilated pupils?

A

Sympathetic

58
Q

Give three symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease

A

Confusion
Sleep problems
Getting lost

59
Q

Describe the sequence of events that allows an impulse to pass from one neurone to the next neurone at the synapse.

A

Calcium ions enter the pre synaptic neurone, causing neurotransmitter to be released from pre synaptic membrane
Diffuses across the synapse and binds to receptors on the neurone

60
Q

What range of movement does ball and socket joint have?

A

Movement in any place

61
Q

What is the function of the plastic between the metal alloy and the bone?

A

Enables smoother movement

62
Q

Give two adaptations of slow-twitch muscle fibres

A

Function over long periods of time

Store glycogen

63
Q

Explain why muscles become fatigued

A

ATP is used up, meaning myosin heads cannot change shape.

64
Q

Explain why the force of a muscle contraction may be greater in someone taking creatine supplements.

A

More creatine phosphate can be made. Phosphate can be used to make more ATP so more energy for muscle contraction.

65
Q

Explain how the nodes of Ranvier enable nerve impulses to travel at a high speed along the motor neurone.

A

Myelin is an insulator so action potentials jump from node to node. Therefore fewer action potentials are needed.

66
Q

Describe what happens to cause the change in membrane potential.

A

Sodium channels open causing sodium ions to enter the axon.

67
Q

Explain how the resting potential of a neurone is maintained.

A

Sodium-potassium pump transports sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions in to the cell.
This means more sodium ions are out compared to potassium ions.

68
Q

Name two processes that take place in the bone to heal the fracture.

A

Resorption & osification.

69
Q

Describe the range of movement the elbow joint should have.

A

Can bend and moves in one plane.

70
Q

Describe the function of cartilage in a joint.

A

Reduces friction & protects bone from wearing away.

71
Q

What does the axial skeleton consist of?

A

Vertebrae, skull, sternum and ribs.

72
Q

Explain the role of bile and lipase in the digestion of dairy food.

A

Bile emulsifies lipid molecules which gives a larger surface area.
Lipase help to breakdown the bonds in the lipids.

73
Q

Describe the effect of hydrolysis on a lipid molecule.

A

Breaks the ester bonds between glycerol and the fatty acid.

74
Q

Explain why training at high altitude might increase a runner’s race performance at seal level.

A

Oxygen is lower at a high altitude, meaning more red blood cells are needed to carry enough oxygen.
This shows when returning to seal level more oxygen is carried for respiration and more energy is released.

75
Q

Describe the role of the somatic nervous system.

A

Voluntary movement such as walking.

76
Q

Describe the role of the autonomic nervous system

A

Involuntary such as allowing internal organs to function properly.

77
Q

Give two effects of stimulating the parasympathetic nervous system.

A

Slows heart rate

Constricts pupils

78
Q

What part of the brain is likely to have be damaged by a stroke?

A

Cerebellum

79
Q

Give two symptoms you might see if the brain stem is damaged.

A

Heart will stop

Breathing will stop

80
Q

Describe what happens to the length of the I-band and the length of A-band when myofibril contracts.

A

I-band gets shorter and A-band stays the same

81
Q

Describe how actin and myosin filaments in a myofibril work together to cause muscle contraction.

A

Myosin attaches to the actin filament, which causes myosin to change shape and move the actin over the myosin.

82
Q

Explain how dantrolene prevents muscle spasms.

A

Calcium unblocks the binding sites on the actin filaments if there is no calcium tropomyosin unchanged and myosin heads cannot bind to the actin.

83
Q

Explain the role of calcium channels and calcium ions causing the neurotransmitter to be released into the synapse.

A

Calcium channels open, causing calcium ions to move in and makes vesicles fuse with the membrane.

84
Q

What does non-invasive mean?

A

Does not cut skin

Applied Science (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions