Exam Stuff (9thS1) Flashcards
Alexander the Great?
Alexander the Great:
- Died at age 32 due to fever because he drank a lot
- Started ruling the Greek Empire at age 20
- Conquered western Turkey in 336 BCE, then went on to conquer Phoenicia
- Later went on to conquer Egypt
- Established many places that he named after himself (over 70)
- Built the hellenistic empire
- Until Alexander came to rule the empire King Philip II had conquered all of Greece (338 BCE)
- Cared about the people
- Was charismatic
- Was egotistical
Alphabetic Writing?
Alphabetic Writing:
- Around 700 BCE, alphabetic writing arrived in Greece.
- Alphabetic writing democratized people. You only needed to learn 26 symbols to be able to read (unlike the more traditional writings were only the highly educated could read).
- The Greek added vowels
- Because of the alphabet, greek literature, poetry, philosophy, drama, and medicine blossomed.
Aristotle who???
Aryans?
Aryans:
- Central Asian nomads who migrated south and east into modern day Iran, Pakistan and Northern India.
- Skin color varies, so there are lots of racial issues. Aryans had lighter skin than the South Asian people(whom they invaded).
- Brought their religion with them- based on the Vedas.
- Horses gave them a large advantage over those who lived in the areas they came to.
- were adopted by the nazi movement as a symbol, though they did not actually fit the extremely racist ideals
- Called the “master race” by Hitler even though he was not one.
Asceticism:
Asceticism:
- Appreciate the small things
- Focus on universal soul
- they leave all of their families and belongings to pursue religion and asceticism practices
- can be practiced for reasons besides religion
- base of many religions
- famous ascetics are, Shakyamuni Gautama, Mahavir Swami, Anthony the Great, Francis of Assisi, Jesus, and Mahatma Ghandi
- Can be tied to any other language, more of a lifestyle than a religion.
- You can’t kill anything at all.
- started in 600 BCE
- had brooms to sweep bugs out of the way
Buddhism:
Buddhism:
- Started by Siddhartha Gautama
- Rejection of Brahmin
- Focus on universal soul
- self denial
- all things have souls
- rejection of caste system
- seek to escape rebirth system
- No killing, no harm.
FOUR NOBLE TRUTHS OF BUDDHISM
- Life is suffering
- Suffering comes from attachment
- happiness is possible through ending attachments
- … So follow the eightfold path!
Camels?
(I know… why are you being asked about this???)
Camels:
When the high-mounted saddle was invented it became possible to ride camels.
Camels started the expansion of trade routes across deserts due to easy traversing of rough terrain
They need less water and can handle walking on hot sand, and they can carry lots of goods that are being transported.
Christianity?
Christianity:
- Christianity is the religion created by the followers of their prophet jesus christ of nazareth..
- Was formed off of different religion
- Jesus preached his ideas publically about morality, and he included the promise that the “kingdom of god was close at hand”
- Spread mainly due to that it appealed to the poor and the women who were oppressed
- It also promised an opportunity for a happy eternity and redemption for doing wrong
- It also created an idea of equality
Democracy:
Democracy:
Demokratia (People power)
A government system in which the people have power. In the case of Greece, it was a direct democracy, meaning that all citizens vote directly on all decisions.
Greece?
Greece:
In the period we studied, Greece was never one combined government (with the exception of the Macedonian conquest (Alexander the Great)), but was instead a collection of separate poleis.
Greek Polis?
Polis (plural poleis):
A Greek City-State, an area of farmland around a city.
government leaders (Magistrates) were elected by the citizens for 1 year terms.
Women, Slaves, and foreigners were not included in the democracy.
ex: Athens, Corinth, Delphi, and SPARTA
Greek Polis?
Hellenistic empire:
Hindu Caste System?
Hindu Caste System:
- By gaining good karma, (by being good in life) you can move up to a better class in your next life.
- Kshatriya: Hindu warrior and royal caste
- Vaishyas: Hindu artisan and merchant caste
- Brahmin: highest Hindu caste, priests and royals
- Sudra: Hindu worker caste
- With in the 3000 different castes there are 25,000 sub castes.
- Untouchables: Slave class