Exam Revision - Wace Flashcards
1
Q
What are the requirements for reaction?
A
- Particles must collide
- Particles must have correct orientation
- Particle energy > Activation energy
2
Q
What factors affect reaction rate?
A
- Temperature
- Concentration
- Surface area
- Catalysts
3
Q
Davy theory - acids and bases
A
Suggested that acidic nature was due to presence of hydrogen
4
Q
Arrhenius theory - Acids and bases
A
- Acids provide H+ in solution
- Bases provide OH- in solution
- Neutralisation occurs when H+ and OH- react to form water
5
Q
Bronsted Lowry theory - Acids and bases
A
- Acids act as proton donors in solution
- Bases act as proton acceptors in solution
- Protons are transferred from an acid to a base
6
Q
What are electrolytes?
A
- Substances that form ions in solution
7
Q
What is the Ka of a strong acid/base and a weak acid/base?
A
- Strong acid/base = high Ka
- Weak acid/base = lower Ka
8
Q
What are acidic anions from?
A
- Multiprotic acids
- HSO4-
- H2PO4-
9
Q
What are basic anions from?
A
- Weak acids
- CH3COO-
- HPO4 2-
- SO4 2-
10
Q
What are neutral anions from?
A
- Strong acids
- Cl-
- NO3-
- I-
11
Q
What are acidic cations from?
A
- Weak bases and some metals
- NH4+
- Al 3+
- Fe 3+
12
Q
What are neutral cations from?
A
- Group 1 and 2 metal cations
- Li+
- Na+
- K+
- Mg 2+
- Ca 2+
- Ba 2+
13
Q
What is a buffer comprised of?
A
- Weak acid and conjugate base
- Weak base and conjugate acid
14
Q
What is oxidation?
A
- Loss of electrons
- Increase in oxidation number
15
Q
What is reduction?
A
- Gain of electrons
- Decrease in oxidation number
