Exam Revision Questions

Question 1

The SI unit of power is the:

Answer 1

Watt

Question 2

A motor unit is:

Answer 2

an alpha motoneuron and the muscle fibres it innervates.

Question 3

One way in which the CNS controls muscle force is by adjusting:

Answer 3

the rate at which a motor neuron fires.

Question 4

4. Twitch contractions are achieved at motor unit firing rates of:

Answer 4

a. < 10 Hz.

Question 5

5. Henneman’s size principle relates mainly to the concept of:

Answer 5

d. motor unit recruitment.

Question 6

6. For a normal human muscle, a maximum contraction involves the recruitment of:

Answer 6

d. all types of motor units.

Question 7

7. An example of sensory input from skeletal muscle to the spinal cord is:

Answer 7

c. neuronal impulses from golgi tendon organs.

Question 8

8. The ‘motor command’ is initiated in:

Answer 8

b. motor cortical regions.

Question 9

9. Most corticospinal neurons decussate at the:

Answer 9

c. base of the medulla.

Question 10

10. Maximum force of skeletal muscle is inversely proportional to

Answer 10

the velocity of muscle shortening.

Question 11

11. The highest muscle force can be achieved during a maximal:

Answer 11

d. eccentric action.

Question 12

12. Muscle shortening velocity is decreased in proportion to the:

Answer 12

a. muscle pennation angle.

Question 13

13. Endurance is influenced by

Answer 13

exercise intensity.

Question 14

14. Maximum power output during a single contraction is influenced by

Answer 14

muscle temperature.

Question 15

15. A normal resting value for O2 uptake in humans lies in the range of:

Answer 15

d. 200-400 ml/min.

Question 16

16. The maximum O2 uptake of a young, untrained adult lies in the range of:

Answer 16

c. 30-50 ml/min/kg body mass.

Question 17

17. Calculation of O2 uptake using the Fick equation requires the measurement of:

Answer 17

c. arterial [O2], venous [O2] and blood flow.

Question 18

18. From a haemodynamic perspective, arterial blood flow can be decreased by:

Answer 18

a. increasing venous pressure.

Question 19

19. Which one of the following variables changes the least during maximum graded exercise:

Answer 19

b. diastolic blood pressure.

Question 20

20. You measure X’s cardiac output during exercise and conclude that it has increased above its
    resting value. This must mean that stroke volume has:

Answer 20

d. cannot determine from the information provided.

Question 21

21. A normal value for stroke volume at V̇ O2max is approximately:

Answer 21

b. 100 ml.

Question 22

22. Stroke volume is not directly affected by:

Answer 22

b. cardiac vagal activity.

Question 23

23. An increase in heart rate from a normal resting value to 140 bpm is caused mainly by:

Answer 23

c. an increase in cardiac sympathetic activity and decrease in cardiac vagal activity.

Question 24

24. Compared with resting values, blood flow to the skin during exercise is:

Answer 24

d. increased mainly by lowering vascular resistance in the skin.

Question 25

25. The distribution of cardiac output during exercise:

Answer 25

c. is characterised by a proportionately large decrease in blood flow to abdominal organs.

Question 26

26. Blood volume:

Answer 26

b. is greater in adult males than females when normalised to body mass.

Question 27

27. A single inspiration at rest brings approx:

Answer 27

b. brings approximately 500 ml of air into the alveoli.

Question 28

28. Breathing during exercise involves changes in

Answer 28

intrapleural pressure.

Question 29

29. During graded exercise, the volume of the anatomic dead space:

Answer 29

d. does not change.

Question 30

30. During graded exercise, the operating range of lung volume progressively:

Answer 30

a. increases because end-inspiratory volume increases and end-expiratory volume

Question 31

31. The flows of O2 and CO2 between alveolar air and pulmonary capillary blood increase during
    exercise because:

Answer 31

b. gas partial pressure gradients increase.

Question 32

32. The rightward shift of the O2 dissociation curve during exercise:

Answer 32

c. reflects a decrease in the affinity of oxygen for haemoglobin.

Question 33

33. Compared with resting values, exercise changes the PO2 most in the:

Answer 33

c. venous blood draining skeletal muscles.

Question 34

34. Increased contraction force of the diaphragm during exercise is linked to an increase in:

Answer 34

b. thoracic volume.

Question 35

35. The control of breathing during exercise involves:

Answer 35

d. humoral influences (e.g., blood K+

levels) on peripheral chemoreceptors.

Question 36

36. Which of the following defines convective heat loss/gain?

Answer 36

c. Exchange of heat by the motion of gas or liquid across a surface.

Question 37

37. A maximum level of core temperature typically occurs at what time of the day for an individual
    with a normal circadian rhythm?

Answer 37

d) 17:00-19:00

Question 38

38. Sweating during exercise:

Answer 38

c) is a more effective heat loss mechanism in dry than humid air.

Question 39

39. Which one of the following is not an adaptation to heat acclimation training?

Answer 39

c) Increased core temperature threshold for sweating.

Question 40

40. Which of the following variables adapts and decays first in response to repeated heat stress and its removal?

Answer 40

a) Plasma volume.

Question 41

41. At rest and across a 24-hour period, core temperature normally varies by approximately:

Answer 41

d. 0.5 degrees Celsius.

Question 42

42. During exercise, most of the energy released via fuel metabolism is converted to:

Answer 42

b) heat.

Question 43

43. The ergogenic effect of pre-cooling on ‘endurance’ events is mainly related to:

Answer 43

c. altered heat storage capacity.

Question 44

44. Signs and symptoms of heat stress after exercise include:

Answer 44

a. high resting heart rate, dark urine and dizziness.

Question 45

45. Compared with the euhydrated state, dehydration during exercise in the heat:

Answer 45

a. decreases skin blood flow and the rate of heat loss.

Question 46

46. Cerebral blood flow can decrease during exercise when:

Answer 46

b. ventilation rises far in excess of metabolic needs (i.e. V̇ O2).