Exam Revision Flashcards
What does IATA stand for?
International Air Transport Association
What are the different types of airline carriers?
Full service Low cost Regional Cargo Charter
What does CAA stand for?
Civil aviation authority
What does ICAO stand for?
International civil aviation organisation
What does PNR stand for?
Passenger Name Record
What does ANSP?
Air navigation service providers
What does ATK/M stand for?
Available tonne per kilometre/mile
What does RTK/M stand for?
Revenue tonne kilometre/mile
What does FFP stand for?
Frequent flier program
What does CRS stand for?
Computer reservations system
What does GDS stand for?
Global distribution system
What does AWB stand for?
Airway bill
What does ACI stand for?
Airports council international
What does AOC stand for?
Air operators certificate
What is cabotage?
Foreign operator carrying passengers between two domestic points of another country
What is a hub and spoke system?
Feeds air traffic from small communities through larger communities to destination via connection at larger community
What is passenger kilometre/mile?
One passanger transported 1km/mile
What is revenue passenger?
The person receiving air transport from carrier
When was the first unpiloted flight?
6 May 1896
When was the first piloted flight?
17 December 1903 in the Wright Flyer, Orville Wright flew 120 ft in 12 seconds
Wright brothers
When was the first flight in Australia?
1909 by Cloin defries
Wilblur Wright airplane
Who is Glenn H Curtis?
Received 1st US pilot licence
Established first: flying school in US, firearm use in aircraft, radio communication in flight, dual control, retractable landing gear, sale to us army, military flying school
Who is Alexander Graham?
Invented aileron Cofounded AEA (aerial experiment association)
When was the C172 released?
1956
Who was Igor Sikorsky?
Designed and flew first multi engine fixed wing aircraft in 1913
Founded Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation
First mass produced helicopter, Sikorsky R4 in 1942
When and where was the first international flight?
25 July 1909
France to England by Louis Bleriot
When was the first scheduled passenger flight service?
January 1914
When was the first international flight service?
1 November 1920 between Keywest FL and Havana, Cuba
When was the first England to Australia flight?
November/December 1919
By ross and Keith smith in a Vickers Vimy
Total 135 hours
First round the world flight?
Wiley post and Harold Gatty (navigator) in 1931, took 8 days
Solo, Wiley post 1933, 7 days
What was the first jet airliner?
Type 618 Nene Viking 1948
What was the first commercial jet airliner?
Da havvilland comet 1949, enter service 1952
First Boeing jet?
Boeing 707
First flight 1957
Entered 1958
First Douglas jet?
DC8
First. Flight 1958
Service 1959
First wide body?
Boeing 747
Supersonic transport?
Concorde First flight 1969 Enter service 1976 Retired 2003 Reach Mach 2
First airbus?
a300
First flight 1972
Entered service 1974
First entirely computer designed commercial aircraft?
Boeing 777
First flight 1994
Established 1995
When was the Chicago Conference?
1 November to 7 December 1944
What were the outcomes of the Chicago conference?
No cabotage
Standardisation of customs, immigration rules, ATC rules, documentation
National sovereignty over airspace confirmed
When was QANTAS established?
16 November 1920
What does QANTAS stand for?
Queensland and Northern Territory Aerial Services
When was the jet era?
1960s
How was REX formed?
Kendall airways (Wagga) and Hazelton (ACT) merged after ANSETT collapsed
When was Virgin blue formed?
2000
Brisbane-Sydney-Brisbane
When did ANSETT collapse?
14 September 2001
How and when did Jetstsr form?
QANTAS acquired impulse in 2001, relaunched as Jetstar in 2003
What are human factor?
Refers to any factor that can influence human activity
Focuses on human operation at centre of activity and relationship with others involved
Where is human factors evolved from?
Engineering
Ergonomics
Psychology
Physiology
What are the two error types?
Active
Latent
What are active errors?
Made by front liner operators (pilot)
Very common
May/may not cause accident/incident
What are latent errors?
Decisions made by supervisors, managers, designers etc
Delayed effect
Can lie dormant
Can cause accident in combination with active error
What is the SHELL model?
Software (checklist, manuals)
Hardware (machines, tools, equipment)
Environment (physical, economic, social/culture,time pressure)
Liveware (central component, physical size, shape, sensory, tolerance)
Liveware (significant other players)
How would you use SHELL to analyse errors?
Catalogue relationships according to SHELL
Consider underlying error/potential errors within interactions
Latent conditions, active errors
NOTE: SHELL places individual at centre, can lead to that person being blamed without uncovering underlying problems
What are the main factors affecting team performance?
Personality (leadership, followership, authority gradient, communication)
Stress
Fatigue
Workload
What is the difference between steep and flat authority gradient?
Steep: junior copilot submissive to dominant captain
Flat: two captains similar experience, no one clearly in command
What is stress?
Response to unflavoured environmental conditions and how body reacts to demands
Stressor=stimulus
Stress=response
What are the two types of stress?
Acute, sudden and unexpected event
Chronic, continues for a long time
What can continued exposed to stress lead to?
Insomnia
Lack of appetite
Headache
Irritability
What are some environmental stressors?
Noise, greater than 90db Vibration Temperature, less than 15 or greater than 30 Hypoxia Fatigue Humidity
What are some aviation stress?
Being checked Monotonous tasks Conflict with crew G force Emergency Away from family Noise/vibration Fatigue
What are some indicators of “flight and fight” response?
Increased blood pressure, heart rate, breathing rate, sweating, muscle blood flow
What are the types of memory?
Sensory - stored temporarily then forgotten
Long term - max number of non connected items that can be recalled approx 9
Working - recall info stored a long time ago, via repetition and vivid occurrence
What is the formula for climb gradient?
Thrust minus drag divide by weight times by 100%
What is minimum angle of glide formula?
-1/L/D max times by 100%
L/D MAX = weight / drag times by 100%
What is load factor?
Lift / weight
What is the aspect ratio of the wing formula?
(Wing span)squared / wing area
What is the formula for parasitic drag at point if minimum drag?
Parasite = minimum drag / 2
What is the rate of climb formula?
[Thrust minus drag divided by weight ] times by 100%
What is the Mach number formula?
True airspeed divided by speed of sound (590 kts)
What is the bank angle formula?
Inverse cos 1/n
