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Modern Studies > exam revision > Flashcards

exam revision Flashcards

1
Q

social causes of crime

A

peer pressure

lack of education

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2
Q

example of peer pressure

A

3500 young people have joined one of the 170 street gangs in glasgow

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3
Q

example of lack of education

A

52% of men and 71% of women in prison have no qualifications

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4
Q

economic causes of crime

A

unemployment

greed

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5
Q

example of unemployment

A

two thirds of prisoners were unemployed before entering prison and 17% have never had a job

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6
Q

example of greed

A

former MP Natalie McGarry, who despite earning more than £70,000 a year, stole over £20,000, some of which was meant for a food bank

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7
Q

biological causes of crime

A

brain type

gender

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8
Q

describe/explain brain type

A

peoples amygdala isn’t fully developed so they don’t feel emotions which makes it easier for them to commit crimes

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9
Q

describe/explain gender

A

due to hormonal differences, women tend to be less aggressive than men as they have less testosterone levels

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10
Q

example of brain type

A

Aaron Campbell, who murdered six year old Alesha MacPhail, was labelled a psychopath

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11
Q

example of gender

A

men commit 88% of all crime in Scotland and 96% of violent crimes

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12
Q

impact of crime on perpetrators

A

suffer financially

lose contact with family

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13
Q

describe/explain the financial struggles

A

they may lose their job and find it hard to get another one with a criminal record so they aren’t making any money

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14
Q

describe/explain why they would lose contact with family

A

if they are placed in a far away prison then they won’t be able to see their family or family may not want to engage with them anymore as a result of the crime they committed

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15
Q

example of suffering financially

A

only around 25% of prisoners manage to find work once they’re released

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16
Q

example of losing family contact

A

one study showed that 43% of prisoners said they lost contact with their family and 1 in 5 prisoners who were married ended up splitting up with their partner

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17
Q

impact on victims

A

emotional impact

financial impact

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18
Q

example of emotional impact

A

depending on the severity of the crime, some victims may develop PTSD (sexual assault, physical assault)

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19
Q

example of financial impact

A

may need to pay to replace stolen goods and repair doors and windows

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20
Q

impact on families

A

suffer financially

emotional impact

21
Q

example of financial impact

A

family member sent to prison may have been a financial support and they lose their income

22
Q

example of emotional impact

A

may lose contact from their own family and friends

23
Q

impact on communities

A

damages community spirit

house prices decrease

24
Q

example of damaging community spirit

A

some areas of inner city london

25
Q

example of house prices decreasing

A

ferguslie park in paisley

26
Q

impact on wider society

A

costs society money

creates fear

27
Q

describe/explain how it costs them money

A

if there is lots of shoplifting, the price of the product will increase and money is also needed for CCTV and security

28
Q

describe/explain how it can create fear (describe fully n don’t need example)

A

it discourages people from moving around freely. they may avoid certain areas at night. they may also not socialise with one another as they don’t want to leave their homes. this is particularly a problem for elderly woman as they don’t feel as safe as they did when they were younger.

29
Q

example of costing them money

A

it is estimated that shoplifting costs retailers £4.4 billion annually

30
Q

groups affected by crime

A

young people

minority groups

31
Q

describe/explain how young people are affected

A

committing crime has a long lasting effect on young people. they may end up with a criminal record and not be able to get a good job in the future. they may also end up in the cycle of crime and end up with no where to live when they get out of prison. they may get involved in crime again and end up back in prison. they may also suffer the same physical, emotional, and economic impacts already studied

32
Q

describe/explain how minority groups are affected

A

minority groups are groups of people who make up a small amount of the population. if a crime is committed against one of these groups (non white people, lgbtq, non christian people, disabled) then it’s considered a hate crime.

33
Q

example of minority groups

A

stealing from an asian person wouldn’t necessarily be a hate crime, but assaulting them because of their race would be

34
Q

what are the 3 criminal courts in scotland

A

justice of the peace courts
sheriff courts
high courts

35
Q

what’s the role of the justice of the peace court

A

there are 30 justice of the peace courts in scotland.these courts are the lowest level of the court system. they are chaired by a volunteer known as a justice of the peace. they are not legally qualified but they are accompanied by a legally qualified clerk. they deal with minor crimes such as breach of the peace.

36
Q

what’s the role of sheriff courts

A

they are in major towns and cities and there are 49 of them. they deal with slightly more serious crimes such as assault. they either use the solemn procedure which is used in serious cases heard infront of a sheriff and a jury or the summary procedure which is used for less serious crimes and it’s heard with a sheriff and no jury

37
Q

what’s the role of high courts

A

there are 2 permanent high courts in scotland, one in glasgow and edinburgh. it’s the highest in the land and deals with the most serious crimes such as murder, rape, armed robbery, drug trafficking and serious sexual offences particularly those including children. cases are presided over by a single judge and tried by a jury of 15 men and women.

38
Q

what powers do the justice of the peace courts have

A

the maximum sentence is 60 days imprisonment or a fine up to £2500

39
Q

what powers do the sheriff courts have

A

in a solemn procedure the court can give up to 5 years in prison or a fine of any amount.
in a summary procedure the maximum sentence is 12 months imprisonment with a maximum fine of £10,000

40
Q

what powers do the high courts have

A

unlimited prison time and unlimited fine

41
Q

what are the 3 verdicts in scottish courts

A

guilty
not guilty
not proven

42
Q

what does it mean if you are guilty

A

the accused has committed the crime they were accused of. the judge or sheriff then decides a sentence for the accused

43
Q

what does it mean if you are not guilty

A

the accused has not committed the crime they were accused of. the accused can only be tried again for that offence if there is important new evidence

44
Q

what does it mean if you are not proven

A

there is not enough evidence to convict the accused but there is doubt about their innocence. the accused can only be tried for that offence again if there is new important evidence

45
Q

describe/explain what the CHS does

A

it’s a legal meeting that a child is asked to attend to solve their problems. the child may have committed a crime, needs protection or care or they aren’t attending school regularly. a referral may be made by police, school or a social worker. the panel is made up of 3 members of the public and all panel members are given training to help make decisions for the child

46
Q

2 reasons scottish criminal courts are effective

A

there are low (and decreasing) levels of crime in scotland. the levels of crime have decreased by 4% since 2015 and decreased 41% since 2006. this suggests that the sentences being given are acting as a deterrent to crime.
judges have some freedom in the sentences they give. depending on the court, the justice, sheriff or judge has a variety of sentences they can give

47
Q

2 reasons scottish criminal courts are ineffective

A

short term sentences are ineffective as 57% of prisoners serve less than 3 months
reoffending rates are high as 64% of those released from prison are reconvicted within 2 years

48
Q

what powers does the CHS have

A

they can discharge a case. this could be because the situation has improved for the young person at home or school and the panel members feel that they don’t need to attend any more meetings
they can also take a compulsory supervision order (CSO) which is a legal document which means social work or local authority must be involved in the young persons life and are responsible for helping looking after the child. most children part of a CSO stay at home but if it’s deemed unsafe they may move and stay elsewhere

Modern Studies (5 decks)

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