Exam Review Unit 4 Flashcards
1
Q
Nucleotides in DNA
A
A, T, C, G
2
Q
Nucleotides in RNA
A
A, U, C, G
3
Q
Sugar in DNA
A
Deoxyribose
4
Q
Sugar in RNA
A
Ribose
5
Q
Structure of DNA
A
Double Helix
6
Q
Structure of RNA
A
Single Strand
7
Q
Location of DNA in the cell
A
Nucleus
8
Q
Location of RNA in the cell
A
Nucleus and Cytoplasm
9
Q
DNA Replication:
A
- Occurs during S phase of interphase before mitosis and meiosis
- Happens in nucleus
- Doubles DNA so that when cell divides every cell ends up with the right amount
- Semi-conservative because the end result is half the original strand and half new
10
Q
List the 5 steps of DNA replication:
A
- Helicase unzips DNA
- Primase makes short RNA primers for DNA polymerase to get started
- DNA polymerase brings in complementary base pairs, using the 3’ – 5’ strand as a template. Then replaces RNA primers and double checks.
- DNA ligase seals the gap.
- 2 new identical DNA strands are made.
11
Q
Protein Synthesis
A
- Occurs all of the time because the cell is always using proteins
- uses transcription and translation
12
Q
Transcription:
A
DNA 🡪 mRNA, occurs in nucleus
13
Q
List the 4 steps of transcription
A
- Section of DNA (gene) is unzipped
- RNA Polymerase brings in complementary RNA base pair rules
- mRNA (messenger) strand is released to leave the nucleus
- DNA zips back up
14
Q
Translation:
A
mRNA 🡪 protein, occurs in ribosome
15
Q
List the 5 steps of translation
A
- mRNA attaches to ribosome
- Message is read beginning at start codon “AUG”
- tRNA bring corresponding amino acids
- Amino acids bonded together with peptide bonds
- Keeps reading the mRNA in 3’s (codons) until it reaches the “stop” codon and releases the completed protein
