Concept 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Paleontology

A

Study of prehistoric life through the fossil record

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2
Q

Morphology

A

Study of the form of living things

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3
Q

Biogeography

A

Study of the geographic distribution of plants and animals

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4
Q

Embryology

A

Study of embryo development

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5
Q

Biochemistry

A

Study of chemical processes in living things

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6
Q

Fossils

A

Preserved remains of organisms

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7
Q

Endemic species

A

Species that exist only in one geographic region

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8
Q

Pseudogenes

A

Nonfunctional genes

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9
Q

Explain the role of transitional fossils in providing
evidence for evolution.

A

they help us piece together evolutionary history, by connecting extinct to current species.

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10
Q

Explain the differences between homologous,
analogous, and vestigial structures. Be sure to indicate
which pattern of evolution leads to these structures as
well as an example of each

A
  • Homologous: Same form due to common ancestry, but different function due to living in different environments.
  • Result of divergent evolution
  • Ex. Human and cat forelimbs
  • Analogous: Same function due to same environment, but different form due to different ancestry.
  • Result of convergent evolution
  • Ex. A horse’s eye and a fly’s eye
  • Vestigial: Useless but potentially leftover from a previous ancestor.
  • Result of divergent evolution
  • Ex. Leg bones in a whale
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11
Q

Describe how biogeography and embryology provide
evidence of evolution.

A
  • Biogeography matches what we predict happened with
    continental drift and provides evidence of divergent evolution.
  • Embryology reveals that vertebrate embryos have many
    similarities when developing in the womb and thus could reflect common ancestry.
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12
Q

List the two macromolecules that provide evidence for
evolution in the field of biochemistry.

A

Nucleic acids and proteins

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13
Q

Describe an example from direct observation in the last
century that has provided evidence for evolution

A

The evolution of antibiotic resistant bacteria, such as for
tuberculosis, can make it nearly impossible to cure certain
bacterial diseases.

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