Concept 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

Taxonomy

A

Field of biology that classifies organisms

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2
Q

Field of biology that classifies organisms

A

2-name naming system by Carolus Linnaeus that names
organisms after their Genus species

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3
Q

Phylogeny

A

Evolutionary history of a species

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4
Q

Endosymbiosis

A

When one prokaryote ended up inside another and both organisms thrived

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5
Q

Phylogenetic tree

A

A diagram used to predict evolutionary relationships among
groups of organisms

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6
Q

Maximum parsimony

A

Use the simplest explanation for creating the tree

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7
Q

Distinguish the three domains all life is divided between and list the other levels of taxonomic
classification

A
  • Domains =
  • Eubacteria: prokaryotes; “true” bacteria
  • Archaebacteria: prokaryotes that live in extreme environments
  • Eukarya: eukaryotes
  • Other classification levels = kingdom, phylum, class,
    order, family, genus, species
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8
Q

Summarize the endosymbiotic theory

A
  • one prokaryote ended up inside of another
  • The two ended up coevolving to the speciation of the 1st eukaryotes.
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9
Q

Explain how taxonomy and phylogeny are similar
yet unique fields of study

A
  • Both involve organizing organisms into groups based on
    shared characteristics.
  • Phylogeny, however, specifically deals with evolutionary
    history and the evolutionary relatedness of the groups of organisms.
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10
Q

Explain what phylogenetic trees show and what
evidence is used to construct them.

A

Phylogenetic trees are visual representations of predicted
evolutionary relationships among groups of organisms.
* Shared morphology, genes, and behaviors are used to
piece together evolutionary history

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11
Q

List at least two things we can learn from a phylogenetic tree and two things we cannot learn
from them

A

We can learn which groups are most closely related and
which are least closely related.
* We cannot learn who is greater or worse than the other, or
who came from one another.

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