Concept 4

Question 1

Taxonomy

Answer 1

Field of biology that classifies organisms

Question 2

Field of biology that classifies organisms

Answer 2

2-name naming system by Carolus Linnaeus that names
organisms after their Genus species

Question 3

Phylogeny

Answer 3

Evolutionary history of a species

Question 4

Endosymbiosis

Answer 4

When one prokaryote ended up inside another and both organisms thrived

Question 5

Phylogenetic tree

Answer 5

A diagram used to predict evolutionary relationships among
groups of organisms

Question 6

Maximum parsimony

Answer 6

Use the simplest explanation for creating the tree

Question 7

Distinguish the three domains all life is divided between and list the other levels of taxonomic
classification

Answer 7

• Domains =
• Eubacteria: prokaryotes; “true” bacteria
• Archaebacteria: prokaryotes that live in extreme environments
• Eukarya: eukaryotes
• Other classification levels = kingdom, phylum, class,
  order, family, genus, species

Question 8

Summarize the endosymbiotic theory

Answer 8

• one prokaryote ended up inside of another
• The two ended up coevolving to the speciation of the 1st eukaryotes.

Question 9

Explain how taxonomy and phylogeny are similar
yet unique fields of study

Answer 9

• Both involve organizing organisms into groups based on
  shared characteristics.
• Phylogeny, however, specifically deals with evolutionary
  history and the evolutionary relatedness of the groups of organisms.

Question 10

Explain what phylogenetic trees show and what
evidence is used to construct them.

Answer 10

Phylogenetic trees are visual representations of predicted
evolutionary relationships among groups of organisms.
* Shared morphology, genes, and behaviors are used to
piece together evolutionary history

Question 11

List at least two things we can learn from a phylogenetic tree and two things we cannot learn
from them

Answer 11

We can learn which groups are most closely related and
which are least closely related.
* We cannot learn who is greater or worse than the other, or
who came from one another.