Concept 4 Flashcards
Taxonomy
Field of biology that classifies organisms
Field of biology that classifies organisms
2-name naming system by Carolus Linnaeus that names
organisms after their Genus species
Phylogeny
Evolutionary history of a species
Endosymbiosis
When one prokaryote ended up inside another and both organisms thrived
Phylogenetic tree
A diagram used to predict evolutionary relationships among
groups of organisms
Maximum parsimony
Use the simplest explanation for creating the tree
Distinguish the three domains all life is divided between and list the other levels of taxonomic
classification
- Domains =
- Eubacteria: prokaryotes; “true” bacteria
- Archaebacteria: prokaryotes that live in extreme environments
- Eukarya: eukaryotes
- Other classification levels = kingdom, phylum, class,
order, family, genus, species
Summarize the endosymbiotic theory
- one prokaryote ended up inside of another
- The two ended up coevolving to the speciation of the 1st eukaryotes.
Explain how taxonomy and phylogeny are similar
yet unique fields of study
- Both involve organizing organisms into groups based on
shared characteristics. - Phylogeny, however, specifically deals with evolutionary
history and the evolutionary relatedness of the groups of organisms.
Explain what phylogenetic trees show and what
evidence is used to construct them.
Phylogenetic trees are visual representations of predicted
evolutionary relationships among groups of organisms.
* Shared morphology, genes, and behaviors are used to
piece together evolutionary history
List at least two things we can learn from a phylogenetic tree and two things we cannot learn
from them
We can learn which groups are most closely related and
which are least closely related.
* We cannot learn who is greater or worse than the other, or
who came from one another.