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CS100 > exam review module 5 > Flashcards

exam review module 5 Flashcards

1
Q

the network

A

internet (biggest network in the world

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2
Q

the web

A

the biggest piece of the internet puzzle

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3
Q

synchronous

A

happens in real time. Ex: conversation you have with your friend. television, walkie talkie

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4
Q

asynchronous

A

post cards (could be days, weeks_ -> write what day you sent it

all of the internet works over asynchronous communication

text messages -> timestamp

involves a timestamp

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5
Q

communication layers

sending and receiving messages

A

when a message come sin, it goes from low layers of communication to high layers of communication

when you send it - goes from high to low layers

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6
Q

verbal communication example

A

There is a semantic meaning on top of the words (different ways of saying hello!)

IN
	semantic meaning of words
  	words				OUT
	phonemes	
	sound waves
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7
Q

Example 2: Postcard

A

IN semantic meaning of words OUT
words
letters (on postcard)
mail delivery system

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8
Q

protocols

A

ex: Handshake protocol (stick out your hand, grasp, etc.)
ex: Verbal protocol (don’t stand too close, dont talk too loud, etc.

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9
Q

For a postcard, there is a specific protocol

A

Stamp
Address
Postal Code
Name

(Every layer of communication has a protocol.)

(A computer protocol is communicated as a FORM.) -> filling of fields.

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10
Q

physical layer

A

IN
High Layer Protocols

OUT
Middle: TCP/IP
Low: Physical Layer

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11
Q

Different Physical Layers

A

¥ Ethernet
¥ Phone, ADSL and Cable Modems
¥ WiFi
¥ Cellular (3G/LTE)

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12
Q

Phone, ADSL, Cable Modems

A

¥ Phone Modems : 2 device communication -> your modem to another computer.
¥ 2-Device communication
¥ ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line) (more modern) -> asymmetric means your downloads speeds are much higher than upload speeds. The technology and ideas are very similar to phone modems.
¥ Cable Modems uses the same ideas as a phone cable -> communicates over frequencies designed to transmit telephone signals (higher bandwidth through a cable modem).

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13
Q

WiFi includes:

A

¥ Access point (wireless router) which
¥ Broadcasts a name
¥ Has Additional Security (user? password) -> wifi protocol
¥ Eduroam
¥ Multiple standars for example (802.11g)
¥ Very similar to ethernet (wifi decides can all be shouting at the same time, but allow time for others to speak.

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14
Q

Cellular (3G/LTE)

A

¥ Electromagnet Radiation (very similar to wifi, but very different protocols)
¥ 3G : (3rd Generation)
¥ LTE : Long-Term Evolution (not quite 4G, 3.5G.) -> marketing sales

¥ Range: Kilometers
¥ Noisier environment -> more devices, more error correction.
¥ More power -> the power required to get the signal from your phone and to your phone will use more battery power.

¥ Unique Identifiers: All devices need unique IMEI (International Mobile Station Equipment Identity) -> devices can be locked into certain cellular companies using IMEI.
¥ “Locked” Devices

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15
Q

TCP

A

transmission control protocol

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16
Q

IP

A

internet protocol

17
Q

ip adress

A

4 numbers, each in the range of 0-255

129.97.208.23

18
Q

IPv6

longer, more complex

A

2620:101:f000:701:f87:e00b:4ea8:e0b3

19
Q

DNS

A

Domain name system

Your device will communicate with your local DNS server to find uwaterloo.ca
If it can’t find this, it will try to communicate with a .ca DNS server, and might come back with a name.

20
Q

DHCP

A

dynamic host configuration protocol

A device will communicate to the DHCP server and the DHCP server will give that device an IP from a bank of IPs. and it will last x amount of time. ex: 1 hour at a Starbucks.

21
Q

NAT

A

Network Adress Translation

When you connect to a network, this system is used so that we don’t run out of IPs.

If you (think) you live at 100 Imaginary lane, and send a postcard out to 123 destination st., your “postman” (NAT) will change-> (translate) your return address to 555 real st (your real address).

192.168 (you live in imaginary lane)

22
Q

Ip Routing

A

the way that messages get delivered.
ex: Physical delivery: Mail from your house to England.
Mail -> cambridge post office -> ontario dispatch -> canada dispatch -> international dispatch -> england dispatch -> london, england dispatch -> customer.

The same applies with any internet communication, but it works with multiple different routers who are all talking to one another.

Most messages can be transferred around the world with less than 50 hops (hops referring to different router paths.

23
Q

TCP

A

Transmission control protocol

TCP (Quality Control)
Establishing a “session” -> handshake protocol between 2 devices (“can we talk”)
3 messages between you and a destination PC before anything happens.

¥ Break Large Message into smaller packets (numbered)
¥ Acknowledge received packets
¥ Request missing packets
¥ Reassemble large message from packets

ex: Sending a whole book to someone via postal -> send them individually by page. Some pages will get lost, and some pages will arrive at different times. This same analogy applies to sending a message over the internet. The individual pages can be referred to as “packets”.

The TCP takes these big messages, and breaks them up into small packets, and numbers them

The TCP protocol realizes which packets have not been sent (or received) properly, and will make an attempt to re-send
re-receive them. The destination computer then reorganizes these packets into whatever you’re downloading. (could be a movie download, etc.)

24
Q

High layer protocol

HTTP

A

hypertext transfer protocol

http:// = protocol (highest layer)
uwaterloo.ca = host (middle layer)
/about = path

25
Q

HTTP requests include:

A

¥ Your IP address
¥ Document requested (e.g : HTML)
¥ Browser & Language Information
¥ Cookies

26
Q

what is HTTP for

A

sending and receiving information

CS100 (11 decks)

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