EXAM REVIEW

Question 1

a human-made object, such as a tool, weapon, or piece of jewelry

Answer 1

artifact

Question 2

a person’s unique way of life, as shown by its tools, customs, arts, and ideas

Answer 2

culture

Question 3

a member of a biological group including human beings and relate species that walk upright

Answer 3

hominid

Question 4

a prehistoric period that lasted from about 2,500,000 to 8000 b.c. during which people made use of crude stone tools and weapons- also called the old stone age

Answer 4

paleolithic age

Question 5

a prehistoric period that began about 8000 b.c. and in some areas ended as early as 3000 b.c. during which people learned to polish stone tools, make pottery, grow crops, and raise animals- also called the new stone age

Answer 5

neolithic age

Question 6

the ways in which people apply knowledge, tools, and inventions to meet their needs

Answer 6

technology

Question 7

the biological species to which modern human beings belong

Answer 7

homo sapiens

Question 8

a member of a group that has no permanent home, wandering from place to place in search of food and water

Answer 8

nomad

Question 9

a member of a nomadic group whose food supply depends on hunting animals and collecting plant foods

Answer 9

hunter-gatherer

Question 10

the major change in human life caused by the beginnings of farming- that is, by people’s shift from food gathering to food producing

Answer 10

neolithic revolution

Question 11

a farming method in which people clear fields by cutting and burning trees and grasses, the ashes of which serve to fertilize the soil

Answer 11

slash-and-burn farming

Question 12

the taming of animals for human use

Answer 12

domestication

Question 13

a form of culture characterized by cities, specialized workers, complex institutions, record keeping, and advanced technology

Answer 13

civilization

Question 14

the development of skills in particular kind of work, such as trading or record keeping

Answer 14

specialization

Question 15

a skilled worker, such as weaver or a potter, who makes goods by hand

Answer 15

artisan

Question 16

a long-lasting pattern of organization of a community

Answer 16

institution

Question 17

one of the professional record keepers in early civilizations

Answer 17

scribe

Question 18

a system of writing with wedge-shaped symbols, invented by the sumerians around 3000 b.c.

Answer 18

cuneiform

Question 19

a period in human history, beginning around 3000 b.c. in some areas, during which people began using bronze, rather than copper or stone, to fashion tools and weapons

Answer 19

bronze age

Question 20

a form of trade in which people exchange goods and services without the use of money

Answer 20

barter

Question 21

a tiered, pyramid-shaped structure that formed part of a sumerian temple

Answer 21

ziggurat

Question 22

an arc of rich farmland in southwest asia, between the persian gulf and the mediterranean sea

Answer 22

fertile crescent

Question 23

the birthplace of civilization

Answer 23

mesopotamia

Question 24

a city and its surrounding lands functioning as an independent political unit

Answer 24

city-state

Question 25

a series of rulers from a single family

Answer 25

dynasty

Question 26

the spreading of ideas or products from one culture to another

Answer 26

cultural diffusion

Question 27

a belief in many gods

Answer 27

polytheism

Question 28

a political unit i n which a number of peoples or countries are controlled by a single ruler

Answer 28

empire

Question 29

a marshy region formed by deposits of silt at the mouth of a river

Answer 29

delta

Question 30

a king od ancient egypt, considered a god as well as a political and military leader

Answer 30

pharaoh

Question 31

a government in which the ruler is viewed as a divine and is controlled by religious leaders

Answer 31

theocracy

Question 32

a massive structure with a rectangular base and four triangular sides, like those that were built in egypt as burial places for old kingdom pharaohs

Answer 32

pyramid

Question 33

a process of embalming and drying corpses to prevent them from decaying

Answer 33

mummification

Question 34

an ancient egyptian writing system in which pictures were used to represent ideas and sounds

Answer 34

hieroglyphic

Question 35

a tall reed that grows in the nile delta, used by the ancient egyptians to make a paper-like material for writing on

Answer 35

papyrus

Question 36

a large landmass that forms a distinct part of a continent

Answer 36

subcontinent

Question 37

a wind that shifts in direction at certain times of each year

Answer 37

monsoon

Question 38

another name for the indus valley civilization that arose along the indus river, possibly as early as 7000 b.c. characterized by sophisticated city planning

Answer 38

harappan civilization

Question 39

a group of nomadic people who may have come from the steppes

Answer 39

indo-europeans

Question 40

dry grasslands that stretched north of the caucasus

Answer 40

steppes

Question 41

movements of people from one region to another, happened in waves over a long period of time

Answer 41

migration

Question 42

an indo-european group of people who settled in anatolia around 2000 b.c.

Answer 42

hittites

Question 43

one of four classes of people in the social system of the aryan's who settled in india

Answer 43

caste

Question 44

a great indian epic poe, reflecting the struggles of the aryan's as they moved south into india

Answer 44

mahabharata

Question 45

a great indian epic poe, reflecting the struggles of the aryan's as they moved south into india

Answer 45

mahabharata

Question 46

the king of macedonia

Answer 46

phillip ll

Question 47

a kingdom located north of greece. had a rough terrain and a cold climate

Answer 47

macedonia

Question 48

relating to the civilization, language, art, science and literature of the greek world from the region of alexander the great to the late second century b.c.

Answer 48

hellenistic

Question 49

seafaring and trading people that lived on the islands od crete from about 2,000-1400 bc

Answer 49

minoans

Question 50

sea that surrounds island of crede

Answer 50

aegean sea

Question 51

the minoan capital city

Answer 51

knossos

Question 52

a king who owned a half human, half bull monster called minotaur

Answer 52

king minos

Question 53

seafaring people of southwest asia, who around 1100 b,c, began to trade and establish colonies throughout the mediterranean region

Answer 53

phoenicians

Question 54

an indo-european person who settled on the greek mainland around 2000 b.c.

Answer 54

mycenaean

Question 55

a war fought around 1200 b.c. in which an army led by mycenaean kings attacked the independent trading city of troy in anatolia

Answer 55

trojan war

Question 56

a greek-speaking people that, according to tradition, migrated into the mainland greece after the destruction of the mycenaean civilization

Answer 56

dorian

Question 57

a blind storyman

Answer 57

homer

Question 58

narrative poems celebrating heroic deeds

Answer 58

epic

Question 59

traditional stories about their gods

Answer 59

myth

Question 60

greek city-state -- the fundamental political unit of ancient greece after about 750 b.c.

Answer 60

polis

Question 61

a fortified hilltop in an ancient greek city

Answer 61

acropolis

Question 62

a government in which power is in the hands of a single person

Answer 62

monarchy

Question 63

a government in which power is in the hands of a hereditary ruling class or nobility

Answer 63

aristocracy

Question 64

a government in which power is in the hands of a few people - especially one in which rule is based upon wealth

Answer 64

oligarchy

Question 65

in ancient greece, a powerful individual who gained control of a city-state's government by appealing to the poor for support

Answer 65

tyrant

Question 66

a government controlled by its citizens, either directly or through representatives

Answer 66

democracy

Question 67

in the society of ancient sparta, a peasant bound to the land

Answer 67

helot

Question 68

a military formation of foot soldiers armed with spears and shields

Answer 68

phalanx

Question 69

a series of wars in the 5th century b.c. in which greek city-states battled the persian empire

Answer 69

persian wars

Question 70

phillips son, proclaimed himself king of macedonia

Answer 70

alexander the great

Question 71

persian king defeated by alexander the great

Answer 71

darius lll

Question 72

a conflict between two political groups within the same country

Answer 72

civil war

Question 73

a military leader

Answer 73

julius caesar

Question 74

in ancient rome, a group of 3 leaders sharing control of the government

Answer 74

triumvirate

Question 75

the most powerful ruler of the mightiest empire of the ancient world

Answer 75

augustus

Question 76

a period of peace and prosperity throughout the roman empire, lasting from 27 b.c. to a.d. 180

Answer 76

pax romana

Question 77

a series of 3 wars between rome and carthage; resulted in the destruction of carthage and rome's dominance over the western mediterranean

Answer 77

punic wars

Question 78

one of the followers of jesus who preached and spread his teachings

Answer 78

apostle

Question 79

the dispersal of the jews from their homeland in palestine-- especially during the period of more than 1,800 years that followed the romans' destruction of the temple in jerusalem in a.d. 70

Answer 79

diaspora

Question 80

a high ranlong christian official who supervises a number of local churches

Answer 80

bishop

Question 81

the bishop of rome, head of the catholic church

Answer 81

pope

Question 82

a decline in the value of money, accompained by a rise in the prices of goods and services

Answer 82

inflation

Question 83

a soldier who is paid to fight in a foreign army

Answer 83

mercenary

Question 84

roman emperor from 284 to 305

Answer 84

diocletian

Question 85

capital city of the roman empire, of the byzantine empire, and also of the brief Crusader state known as the latin empire.

Answer 85

constantinople

Question 86

5th-century leader of the huns who invaded and ravaged europe before finally being slowed down at the battle of the catalaunian plains in gaul.

Answer 86

attila

Question 87

a period of european history, lasting from about 1300 to 1600, during which renewed interest in classical culture led to far-reaching changes in arts, learning, and views of the world

Answer 87

renaissance

Question 88

an ancient roman city near modern naples in the campania region of italy

Answer 88

pompeii

Question 89

roman poet of the augustan period

Answer 89

virgil

Question 90

a senator and a historian of the roman empire and is considered to be one of the greatest roman historians.

Answer 90

tacitus

Question 91

an artistic technique that creates the appearance of 3 dimensions on a flat surface

Answer 91

perspective

Question 92

the everyday language of people in a region or country

Answer 92

vernacular

Question 93

an imaginary land described by thomas more in his book utopia- hence, an ideal place

Answer 93

utopia

Question 94

a pardon releasing a person from punishments, due for a sim

Answer 94

indulgence

Question 95

a member of a protestant church founded on the teachings or martin luther

Answer 95

lutheran

Question 96

a member of a christian church founded on the principles of the reformation

Answer 96

protestant

Question 97

a 1555 agreement declaring that the religion of each german state would be decided by its ruler

Answer 97

peace of augsburg

Question 98

to cancel or put an end to

Answer 98

annul

Question 99

relating to the church of england

Answer 99

anglican