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Western Civilization > EXAM REVIEW > Flashcards

EXAM REVIEW Flashcards

1
Q

a human-made object, such as a tool, weapon, or piece of jewelry

A

artifact

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2
Q

a person’s unique way of life, as shown by its tools, customs, arts, and ideas

A

culture

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3
Q

a member of a biological group including human beings and relate species that walk upright

A

hominid

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4
Q

a prehistoric period that lasted from about 2,500,000 to 8000 b.c. during which people made use of crude stone tools and weapons- also called the old stone age

A

paleolithic age

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5
Q

a prehistoric period that began about 8000 b.c. and in some areas ended as early as 3000 b.c. during which people learned to polish stone tools, make pottery, grow crops, and raise animals- also called the new stone age

A

neolithic age

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6
Q

the ways in which people apply knowledge, tools, and inventions to meet their needs

A

technology

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7
Q

the biological species to which modern human beings belong

A

homo sapiens

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8
Q

a member of a group that has no permanent home, wandering from place to place in search of food and water

A

nomad

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9
Q

a member of a nomadic group whose food supply depends on hunting animals and collecting plant foods

A

hunter-gatherer

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10
Q

the major change in human life caused by the beginnings of farming- that is, by people’s shift from food gathering to food producing

A

neolithic revolution

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11
Q

a farming method in which people clear fields by cutting and burning trees and grasses, the ashes of which serve to fertilize the soil

A

slash-and-burn farming

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12
Q

the taming of animals for human use

A

domestication

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13
Q

a form of culture characterized by cities, specialized workers, complex institutions, record keeping, and advanced technology

A

civilization

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14
Q

the development of skills in particular kind of work, such as trading or record keeping

A

specialization

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15
Q

a skilled worker, such as weaver or a potter, who makes goods by hand

A

artisan

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16
Q

a long-lasting pattern of organization of a community

A

institution

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17
Q

one of the professional record keepers in early civilizations

A

scribe

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18
Q

a system of writing with wedge-shaped symbols, invented by the sumerians around 3000 b.c.

A

cuneiform

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19
Q

a period in human history, beginning around 3000 b.c. in some areas, during which people began using bronze, rather than copper or stone, to fashion tools and weapons

A

bronze age

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20
Q

a form of trade in which people exchange goods and services without the use of money

A

barter

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21
Q

a tiered, pyramid-shaped structure that formed part of a sumerian temple

A

ziggurat

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22
Q

an arc of rich farmland in southwest asia, between the persian gulf and the mediterranean sea

A

fertile crescent

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23
Q

the birthplace of civilization

A

mesopotamia

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24
Q

a city and its surrounding lands functioning as an independent political unit

A

city-state

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25
Q

a series of rulers from a single family

A

dynasty

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26
Q

the spreading of ideas or products from one culture to another

A

cultural diffusion

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27
Q

a belief in many gods

A

polytheism

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28
Q

a political unit i n which a number of peoples or countries are controlled by a single ruler

A

empire

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29
Q

a marshy region formed by deposits of silt at the mouth of a river

A

delta

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30
Q

a king od ancient egypt, considered a god as well as a political and military leader

A

pharaoh

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31
Q

a government in which the ruler is viewed as a divine and is controlled by religious leaders

A

theocracy

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32
Q

a massive structure with a rectangular base and four triangular sides, like those that were built in egypt as burial places for old kingdom pharaohs

A

pyramid

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33
Q

a process of embalming and drying corpses to prevent them from decaying

A

mummification

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34
Q

an ancient egyptian writing system in which pictures were used to represent ideas and sounds

A

hieroglyphic

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35
Q

a tall reed that grows in the nile delta, used by the ancient egyptians to make a paper-like material for writing on

A

papyrus

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36
Q

a large landmass that forms a distinct part of a continent

A

subcontinent

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37
Q

a wind that shifts in direction at certain times of each year

A

monsoon

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38
Q

another name for the indus valley civilization that arose along the indus river, possibly as early as 7000 b.c. characterized by sophisticated city planning

A

harappan civilization

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39
Q

a group of nomadic people who may have come from the steppes

A

indo-europeans

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40
Q

dry grasslands that stretched north of the caucasus

A

steppes

41
Q

movements of people from one region to another, happened in waves over a long period of time

A

migration

42
Q

an indo-european group of people who settled in anatolia around 2000 b.c.

A

hittites

43
Q

one of four classes of people in the social system of the aryan’s who settled in india

A

caste

44
Q

a great indian epic poe, reflecting the struggles of the aryan’s as they moved south into india

A

mahabharata

45
Q

a great indian epic poe, reflecting the struggles of the aryan’s as they moved south into india

A

mahabharata

46
Q

the king of macedonia

A

phillip ll

47
Q

a kingdom located north of greece. had a rough terrain and a cold climate

A

macedonia

48
Q

relating to the civilization, language, art, science and literature of the greek world from the region of alexander the great to the late second century b.c.

A

hellenistic

49
Q

seafaring and trading people that lived on the islands od crete from about 2,000-1400 bc

A

minoans

50
Q

sea that surrounds island of crede

A

aegean sea

51
Q

the minoan capital city

A

knossos

52
Q

a king who owned a half human, half bull monster called minotaur

A

king minos

53
Q

seafaring people of southwest asia, who around 1100 b,c, began to trade and establish colonies throughout the mediterranean region

A

phoenicians

54
Q

an indo-european person who settled on the greek mainland around 2000 b.c.

A

mycenaean

55
Q

a war fought around 1200 b.c. in which an army led by mycenaean kings attacked the independent trading city of troy in anatolia

A

trojan war

56
Q

a greek-speaking people that, according to tradition, migrated into the mainland greece after the destruction of the mycenaean civilization

A

dorian

57
Q

a blind storyman

A

homer

58
Q

narrative poems celebrating heroic deeds

A

epic

59
Q

traditional stories about their gods

A

myth

60
Q

greek city-state – the fundamental political unit of ancient greece after about 750 b.c.

A

polis

61
Q

a fortified hilltop in an ancient greek city

A

acropolis

62
Q

a government in which power is in the hands of a single person

A

monarchy

63
Q

a government in which power is in the hands of a hereditary ruling class or nobility

A

aristocracy

64
Q

a government in which power is in the hands of a few people - especially one in which rule is based upon wealth

A

oligarchy

65
Q

in ancient greece, a powerful individual who gained control of a city-state’s government by appealing to the poor for support

A

tyrant

66
Q

a government controlled by its citizens, either directly or through representatives

A

democracy

67
Q

in the society of ancient sparta, a peasant bound to the land

A

helot

68
Q

a military formation of foot soldiers armed with spears and shields

A

phalanx

69
Q

a series of wars in the 5th century b.c. in which greek city-states battled the persian empire

A

persian wars

70
Q

phillips son, proclaimed himself king of macedonia

A

alexander the great

71
Q

persian king defeated by alexander the great

A

darius lll

72
Q

a conflict between two political groups within the same country

A

civil war

73
Q

a military leader

A

julius caesar

74
Q

in ancient rome, a group of 3 leaders sharing control of the government

A

triumvirate

75
Q

the most powerful ruler of the mightiest empire of the ancient world

A

augustus

76
Q

a period of peace and prosperity throughout the roman empire, lasting from 27 b.c. to a.d. 180

A

pax romana

77
Q

a series of 3 wars between rome and carthage; resulted in the destruction of carthage and rome’s dominance over the western mediterranean

A

punic wars

78
Q

one of the followers of jesus who preached and spread his teachings

A

apostle

79
Q

the dispersal of the jews from their homeland in palestine– especially during the period of more than 1,800 years that followed the romans’ destruction of the temple in jerusalem in a.d. 70

A

diaspora

80
Q

a high ranlong christian official who supervises a number of local churches

A

bishop

81
Q

the bishop of rome, head of the catholic church

A

pope

82
Q

a decline in the value of money, accompained by a rise in the prices of goods and services

A

inflation

83
Q

a soldier who is paid to fight in a foreign army

A

mercenary

84
Q

roman emperor from 284 to 305

A

diocletian

85
Q

capital city of the roman empire, of the byzantine empire, and also of the brief Crusader state known as the latin empire.

A

constantinople

86
Q

5th-century leader of the huns who invaded and ravaged europe before finally being slowed down at the battle of the catalaunian plains in gaul.

A

attila

87
Q

a period of european history, lasting from about 1300 to 1600, during which renewed interest in classical culture led to far-reaching changes in arts, learning, and views of the world

A

renaissance

88
Q

an ancient roman city near modern naples in the campania region of italy

A

pompeii

89
Q

roman poet of the augustan period

A

virgil

90
Q

a senator and a historian of the roman empire and is considered to be one of the greatest roman historians.

A

tacitus

91
Q

an artistic technique that creates the appearance of 3 dimensions on a flat surface

A

perspective

92
Q

the everyday language of people in a region or country

A

vernacular

93
Q

an imaginary land described by thomas more in his book utopia- hence, an ideal place

A

utopia

94
Q

a pardon releasing a person from punishments, due for a sim

A

indulgence

95
Q

a member of a protestant church founded on the teachings or martin luther

A

lutheran

96
Q

a member of a christian church founded on the principles of the reformation

A

protestant

97
Q

a 1555 agreement declaring that the religion of each german state would be decided by its ruler

A

peace of augsburg

98
Q

to cancel or put an end to

A

annul

99
Q

relating to the church of england

A

anglican

Western Civilization (3 decks)

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