chapter 1 and chapter 2 vocab Flashcards
human made objects such as tools and jewelry
artifacts
peoples unique way of life, as shown by its tools and customs
culture
humans and other creatures that walk upright
hominids
a prehistoric period that lasted from about 2,500,000 to 8,000 bc during which people made use of crude stone tools and weapons- also called the old stone age
paleolithic age
a prehistoric period that began about 8,000 bc and in some areas ended as early 3,000 bc during which people learned to polish stone tools, make pottery, grow crops, and raise animals- also called the new stone age
neolithic age
ways of applying knowledge, tools, and inventions to meet their needs
technology
the species name for modern humans
homo sapiens
highly mobile people who moved from place to place foraging, or searching, for new sources of food
nomads
nomadic groups whose food supply depends on hunting animals and collecting plant foods
hunter-gatherers
the major change in human life caused by the beginning of farmings- that is, by peoples shift from food gathering to food producing
neolithic revolution
trees and grasses are cut and burned them into a field
slash-and-burn farming
taming of animals
domestication
a form of culture characterized by cities, specialized workers, complex institutions, record keeping, and advanced technology
civilization
the development of skills in a specific kind of work
specialization
skilled workers who make good by hand
artisans
a long-lasting pattern of organization in a community
institution
professional record keepers
scribes
a system of writing meaning “wedge-shaped”
cuneiform
the time when people used bronze rather than copper and stone to fashion tools and weapons
bronze age
a way of trading goods and services without money
barter
pyramid-shaped monument
ziggurat
arc of rich farmland in southwest asia, between the persian and mediterranean sea
fertile crescent
part of the fertile crescent, and faces the mediterranean sea
mesopotamia
each city and the surrounding land it controlled
city state
a series of rulers from a single family
dynasty
the spreading of ideas or products from one culture to another
cultural diffusion
the belief in more than one god
polytheism
the belief in one god
monotheism
a political unit of in which a number of peoples or countries are controlled by a single ruler
empire
the creator of the first set of laws written down
hammurabi
a marshy region formed by deposits of silt at the mouth of a river
delta
kings of ancient egypt, considered a god as well as a political and military leader
pharaohs
a government in which the ruler is viewed as a divine figure and is controlled by religious leaders
theocracy
a massive structure with a rectangular base and four triangle sides
pyramid
a process of embalming and drying corpses
mummification
a change or process of change by which an organism or species becomes better suited to its environment
adaptation
what are the three major elements that separate the worlds “haves” and “have nots”
guns, germs, and steel
taking crops that you find and taking them home and planting them
the process of domesticating crops
tall reed that grows in the nile delta, used to make paper like material
papyrus
king that gave evidence that united north and south egypt
narmer
how did te movement of the early civilizations of the fertile crescent further support diamonds idea that geography played a key role in the success of a civilization?
when the movement came to the middle east, all of a sudden there was enough food for everyone, the animals and crops to support the hunger of everybody.
where can the domesticated animals be found
south america, asia, north africa, and europe
zebras, llamas, water buffalo, goats, sheep, pigs, cows, horses, camels, reindeer, yaks, and cattle
domesticated animals
