chapter 5 vocab Flashcards
an indo-european person who settled on the greek mainland around 2000 bc
mycenean
a war, fought around 1200 bc in which an army led by mycenaean kings attacked the independent trading city of troy in anatolia
trojan war
a greek-speaking person that, according to tradition, migrated into mainland greece after the destruction of the mycenaean civilization
dorian
a blind man who was the greatest storyteller
homer
a long narrative poem celebrating the deeds of legendary or traditional heroes
epic
a traditional story about gods, ancestors, or heroes, told to explain the natural world or the customs and beliefs of a society
myth
a greek city state- the fundamental political unit of ancient greece after about 750 bc
polis
a fortified hilltop in an ancient greek city
acropolis
a government in which power is in the hands of a single person
monarchy
a government in which power is in the hands of a hereditary ruling class or nobility
aristocracy
a government in which power is in the hands of a few people- especially one in which rule is based upon wealth
oligarchy
in ancient greece, a powerful individual who gained control of a city-state’s government by appealing to the poor for support
tyrant
a government controlled by its citizens, either directly or through representatives
democracy
in the society of ancient sparta, a peasant bound to the land
helot
a military formation of a foot soldiers armed with spears and shields
phalanx
a series of wars in the fifth century bc in which greek city-states battled the persian empire
persian wars
a government in which citizens rule directly rather than through representatives
direct democracy
the art of ancient greece and rome, in which harmony, order, and proportion, were emphasized
classical art
a serious form of drama dealing with the downfall of a heroic or noble character
tragedy
a humorous form of drama that often includes slapstick and satire
comedy
a war, lasting from 431 to 404 bc, in which athens and its allies were defeated by sparta and its allies
peloponnesian war
a thinker who uses logic and reason to investigate the nature of the universe, human society, and morality
philosopher
father of modern philosophy, critic of the sophists
socrates
a student of socrates, and teacher of aristotle
plato
student of plato and applied his methods to problems in science
aristotle
the king of macedonia
philip ll
an ancient kingdom north of greece, whose ruler phillip ll conquered greece in 338 bc
macedonia
the king of macedonia after his father philip
alexander the great
the king of persia
darius lll
relating to the civilization, language, art, science, and literature of the greek world from the reign of alexander the great to the late second century
hellenistic
egyptian city that became the foremost center of commerce and hellenistic civilization
alexandria
a highly regarded mathematician who taught in alexandria
euclid
important hellenistic scientist that studied at alexandria
archimedes
an enormous hellenistic statue that formerly stood near the harbor of rhodes
colossus of rhodes
