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Science: Grade 10 > Exam Review: > Flashcards

Exam Review: Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

cell wall:

A

Surrounds and protects the cell (p)

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2
Q

Nucleus:

A

Control CENTRE of the cell. Tells all organelles what to do (b)

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3
Q

Vacuole:

A

Store water, wastes, & other material (b)

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4
Q

Mitochondria:

A

The power house of the cell (b)

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5
Q

Golgi bodies:

A

Packaging CENTRE of the cell (b)

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6
Q

Cell membrane:

A

Covers the entire cell & gatekeeper to control materials coming in and out of the cell (b)

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7
Q

Centriole:

A

Small protein critical to cell division. (A)

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8
Q

Chloroplasts:

A

Organelle containing chlorophyll for photosynthesis (p)

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9
Q

Chromosome:

A

Threadlike structure containing genetic or hereditary info (b) also carries genes

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10
Q

Cytoplasm:

A

Liquid where nutrients are absorbed, transported, and processed. Holds all organelles (b)

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11
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum

A

Enroll admit reticulum series of canals that carry material around the cell

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12
Q

Golgi body:

A

Stores proteins until they are needed inside or outside the cell

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13
Q

Lysosomes:

A

Sac like structures surrounding the Golgi apparatus. Contains proteins + breaks down large molecules & other cell parts (a)

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14
Q

Mitochondria:

A

Tiny oval shaped organelle that gives the cells energy

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15
Q

Nucleolus:

A

Circle in the nucleus of some cells probably involved in making proteins (b)

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16
Q

Ribosomes:

A

Organelle that build proteins for cell growth and reproduction

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17
Q

Vacuole:

A

Stores water, wastes & other material (b) but larger in plants

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18
Q

Found in plants but not animals:

A

Chloroplasts, bigger vacuole, cell wall

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19
Q

Mitosis:

A

The stage of cells reproducing

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20
Q

Stages of mitosis:

A

Interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, tellophase, cytokenisis

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21
Q

In interphase:

A

Majority of time is spent here. DNA is being duplicated

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22
Q

Prophase:

A

Nuclear membrane is visible. DNA could up shorter + thicker double stranded chromosomes are visible

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23
Q

Metaphase:

A

Double stranded chromosomes move and line up along the cell. Spindles are visible

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24
Q

Anaphase:

A

Single stranded chromosomes move to opposite poles . They’re pulled by spindle fibers

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25
Q

Telophase:

A

Single stranded chromosomes at each end of the cell. Cell membrane pinches to split cytoplasm

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26
Q

Cytokinesis:

A

Nuclear membrane reforms. Cytoplasm is divided to form to identical daughter cells. (After this, interphase begins again)

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27
Q

Difference between a malignant and benign tumor:

A

Malignant is cancerous and can spread to other cells + benign doesn’t affect surrounding cells.

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28
Q

Esophagus:

A

25 cm tube, moves food to stomach

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29
Q

Stomach:

A

Digests food with stomach acid and churns.(lining absorbs nutrients and enzymes break food down)

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30
Q

Small intestine:

A

Digestion + absorption of nutrients

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31
Q

Large intestine:

A

Absorbs water and vitamins k & b in chyme

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32
Q

Liver:

A

Produce bile for fat breakdown

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33
Q

Pancreas:

A

Releases digestive enzymes and hormones

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34
Q

Rectum:

A

(last section of colon) controls elimination of waste

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35
Q

Anus:

A

Secretes waste

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36
Q

Arteries:

A

Carries bright red blood away from heart. Thick walls under high pressure

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37
Q

Capillaries:

A

Small narrow vessels, links arteries and veins together: thin walled to allow gases and nutrients to live between cells and blood

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38
Q

Veins:

A

Carries blood towards the heart, contains valves and dark red blood

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39
Q

Blood circulation to the heart:❤️

A

Pulmonary, systemic

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40
Q

Pulmonary system:

A

Blood flow between heart and lungs

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41
Q

Systemic system:

A

Blood flow between heart and body

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42
Q

Nasal cavity:

A

Breathes air in (filters it, moistens it, & traps particles

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43
Q

Trachea:

A

Cartilage tubes that take airflow to lungs

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44
Q

Bronchi:

A

Cartilage tubes that take airflow and end in alveoli

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45
Q

Bronchioles:

A

The branches of the bronchi containing alveoli

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46
Q

Alveoli:

A

Sacs that gases exchange within

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47
Q

Diaphragm:

A

: large muscle under lungs that moves upward when exhaling and inward when inhaling

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48
Q

Function of tissues:

A

To make up organs, organ systems, and body parts.

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49
Q

Types of tissue:

A

Muscle, epithelial, connective, nervous

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50
Q

Vital lung capacity:

A

Maximum amount of air a person can take in the lungs.

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51
Q

How do u measure vital lung capacity?

A

A spirometer.

52
Q

How to find total magnification of a specimen:

A

Objective lens x eye piece = total magnification

53
Q

How to figure out the size of the specimen:

A 
Size = field of view
           --------------
     # of times it fits across
54
Q

Four factors that affect rate of reaction:

A

Temperature, catalyst, surface area, concentration

55
Q

How does temperature affect rate of reaction:

A

When it’s cold particles move slow and when hot they move fast

56
Q

How does surface area affect rate of reaction

A

Smaller - slower

Bigger- faster bc more particles to collide with

57
Q

How does concentration affect rate of reaction

A

3 molers- faster

1 moler- slower bc the particle collisions are slowed down

58
Q

How does a catalyst affect rate of reaction:

A

Speeds up reaction by making particles collide faster

59
Q

Important Neutralization reaction to remember:

A

Acid + base –> water + salt

60
Q

Affects on blue litmus paper:

A

acid- turns red

base- blue

61
Q

Affects on red litmus paper:

A

Acid- red

Base- turn blue

62
Q

Methyl orange effects:

A

Acid- turns red

Base- yellow/orange

63
Q

Phenolphthalein effects in:

A

Acid- cloudy

Base- magenta colour !

64
Q

Where are metals, non metals and noble gases found on the periodic table?

A

Metals- in the middle and all the left
Non - in between and on staircase
Noble gases - all right side after stairs

65
Q

Why do elements form ions?

A

Because the atoms gain or lose electrons

66
Q

Ionic compounds:

A

Metal and non metals

67
Q

Molecular:

A

All gases

68
Q

Ionic compounds:

A

Have full outer shell by transfer of electrons

69
Q

Molecular compounds:

A

Atoms that share electrons through covalent bonds

70
Q

Law of conservation of mass:

A

States that the mass of the products are equal to the reactants

71
Q

Three types of mirrors:

A

Concave, convex, plane/ flat

72
Q

Concave characteristics:

A

Inverted, real, INFRONT, size either larger or smaller

73
Q

Convex characteristics:

A

Upright, smaller, virtual, otherside

74
Q

Plane / flat characteristics:

A

Virtual, upright, same size, otherside

75
Q

When object is behind c:

A

Smaller
Inverted
INFRONT
Real

76
Q

When object is at c:

A

Same
Inverted
In front
Real

77
Q

When object is between c and f:

A

Larger
Inverted
INFRONT
Real

78
Q

When object is at f

A

No image

79
Q

When object is inside f;

A

Larger
Upright
Behind
Virtual

80
Q

Diverging mirror:

A

Has same characteristic as convex but is concave

81
Q

Converging lens:

A

Convex but characteristics of concave

82
Q

Virtual:

A

Mirrors- convex (concave mirror inside f)

Lens: diverging (converging lens inside f)

83
Q

Real:

A

Mirrors- concave beyond f

Lenses- converging beyond f

84
Q

Define refraction:

A

light passes through a different medium and changes speed and direction

85
Q

when does total internal reflection occur ?

A

When the incident angle exceeds the critical angle

86
Q

Laws of reflection:

A

Angle of incidence = angle of reflection

87
Q

Examples that display total internal reflection:

A

Diamonds, periscope, binoculars, rainbows

88
Q

Concave mirrors are:

A 
if object if INFRONT - real object (+)
Behind - virtual (-)
If image is INFRONT - real image
If behind - virtual image
Upright is + and - is inverted
Focal- + concave - convex
89
Q

For lenses:

A 
Object left- real
Right- virtual 
image on the right - real
Image in the left - virtual 
focal + converge - diverge
\+ upright
Inverted -
90
Q

Mutation:

A

When DNA or a gene is damaged or changed and it alters the genetics of that gene

91
Q

Stem cell:

A

Undifferentiated cells that can change into specialized cells (blank slates)

92
Q

Red blood cells:

A

Remove carbon dioxide from the body

93
Q

White blood cells:

A

Protects body against infectious diseases and foreign invaders

94
Q

Platelets:

A

A component of the blood that that stops bleeding by clumping and clotting blood vessel injuries.

95
Q

Right atrium:

A

Where Deoxygenated blood enters through

96
Q

Left atrium:

A

Oxygen rich blood enters the left atrium then to the pulmonary vein

97
Q

Right ventricle:

A

Pumps oxygen depleted blood to the lungs

98
Q

Left ventricle:

A

Pumps oxygenated blood into the systemic circulation

99
Q

Element:

A

A substance of atoms consisting of protons, neutrons, electrons

100
Q

Ion:

A

The electric charge on (an) ion(s). Can be positive (loss of electrons) or negative (gain of electrons)

101
Q

Cations:

A

Positive ions formed be loss of electrons

102
Q

Anions:

A

Negative ions due to the gain of electrons

103
Q

Luminous:

A

Something that can produce its own light

104
Q

Un-luminous:

A

Can not produce its own light

105
Q

Reactant:

A

A substance that takes in and undergoes change during a reaction

106
Q

Product:

A

A new material formed in a chemical reaction (created by two reactants)

107
Q

Indicator test:

A

A substance that had a distinct change when added to different solutions to determine if it is in the presence of an acid or base

108
Q

Ph scale:

A

A measure of acidity and alkalinity in a substance

109
Q

Combustion reactions always have:

A

A fuel (like propane for example) and c02 plus water is the product

110
Q

Plant tissues:

A

Dermal, ground, vascular

111
Q

Dermal tissue:

A

Outer covering of plant

112
Q

Ground tissue:

A

Where photosynthesis takes place, stores photosynthetic products, and helps support the plant

113
Q

Vascular tissue:

A

Conducts water and solutes throughout the plant

114
Q

Plant tissues exist in:

A

The stem, root, and leaves

115
Q

Cuticle of the plant:

A

Waxy covering

116
Q

Meristematic tissue:

A

Tissue responsible for plants growth

117
Q

Role of epithelial tissue:

A

Lining, transport, secretion, and absorption

118
Q

Connective tissue:

A

Support strength and elasticity

119
Q

Muscle tissue:

A

Movement

120
Q

Nervous tissue:

A

Information processing, communication, and control

121
Q

Speed of light in a vacuum:

A

300 00 km/s or 300 000 000 m/s

122
Q

Speed of light in a medium:

A

v: speed of light in a medium, c: speed of light in a vacuum, n: index of refraction v= c/v

123
Q

How do u calculate index of refraction?:

A

n=c/v (given speed of light: v)

124
Q

How a rainbow works:

A

Reflection, refraction, and dispersion of light in rain droplets resulting in a spectrum of light appearing in the sky

125
Q

How does a mirage work?

A

When the ground is very hot and the air is cool, the ground warms the layer of air just above the ground. Light moves through the cold air and refracts into the hot air

126
Q

How does a sunset work:

A

Scattering affects the colours of light coming from the sky. Molecules + particles in the atmosphere change the direction of light rays causing them to scatter resulting in colourful sunsets

Science: Grade 10 (4 decks)

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