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Health Care > Exam Review > Flashcards

Exam Review Flashcards

0
Q

Arthritis

A

A condition affecting joints and/or connective tissue

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1
Q

Dementia

A

Progressive impairment of all aspects of brain function

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2
Q

Emphysema

A

A disease in which air is trapped inside the lungs

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3
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Deterioration of bone tissue

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4
Q

Cancer

A

An abnormal growth of cells

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5
Q

Paraplegia

A

Paralysis from the waist down

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6
Q

Diabetes

A

Body is unable to produce insulin

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7
Q

Quadriplegia

A

Paralysis from the neck down

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8
Q

Superior (cranial)

A

Above
Up towards body
Main part of body

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9
Q

Inferior (caudal)

A

Below

Down towards lower body

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10
Q

Anterior/ventral

A

Front

Towards front of body

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11
Q

Posterior/dorsal

A

Back

Towards the back of the body

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12
Q

Medial

A

Inside
Towards the middle or midline of body
Inner side
Closer to the heart

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13
Q

Lateral

A

Outside
Away from middle/midline
Outside the body
Further away from heart

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14
Q

Superficial

A

On the surface or external

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15
Q

Deep

A

Deep?

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16
Q

Proximal (proximity)

A

Used for the limbs
Closest part of the arm or leg to the attachment point on the body
Close

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17
Q

Distal (distance)

A

Farthest part away from the point of attachment to the body

Knee distal to the hip

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18
Q

Primitive times

A

4000-3000BC
Evil spirits, demons, & gods cause illness & disease
Life span 20 years
Trepanning > treat insanity

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19
Q

Ancient Egyptians

A 
3000BC - 300 BC 
health records kept 
Priests > physicians 
Treated with blood letting & leeches 
Clogged body channels caused illness 
- air, ears, blood, urine
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20
Q

Body channels

A

Air
Ears
Blood
Urine

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21
Q

Ancient Chinese

A 
1700BC - 220AD 
Dissections prohibited by religion 
Believed in treating whole person 
Recorded medicines (herbs & teas) 
Acupuncture to relieve pain and congestion 
Began to search for the cause of disease
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22
Q

Ancient greeks

A

1200BC - 200AD
Started to observe the human body and effects of disease
Hippocrates
Believed illness is a result of natural causes
Stressed diet & cleanliness as ways to prevent disease
Life span 25-35 years

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23
Q

Hippocrates

A

Notion: do no harm; greek physician

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24
Q

Ancient romans

A 
410AD - 753AD 
Organized medical care 
Early hospitals for soldiers 
Began public health & sanitary systems 
Built sewers, filtering systems for public baths to prevent disease 
Scientific method to prevent malaria
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25
Q

Middle ages

A

800AD - 1400 AD
Renewed interest in medical practices of the greeks and romans
Bubonic plague killed 3/4 of the pop of Europe and Asia
47 million people in 10 years
Transmitted by the fleas on rats through land and sea travel
Life span 20-35 years

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26
Q

Major diseases in the Middle Ages

A

Smallpox, diphtheria, tuberculosis, typhoid, malaria

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27
Q

Arab world

A

Physicians practicing medicine

  • diagnosis on s&s
  • suggested blood carried infection
  • cat gut for suture materials
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28
Q

Renaissance

A

1350AD - 1650AD
Rebirth of science of medicine
Dissection of body started to be allowed to understand anatomy and physiology
Michaelangelo and leonardo da vinci used dissection to draw human realistically
Statement: do no harm
Medical books on circulation, respiratory, digestion system
Life span 30-40

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29
Q

16th-17th centuries

A

William harvey described the circulation of blood to and from the heart

Microscope invented 1666

Scientific societies were established

Apothecaries made, prescribed and sold medicines

Life span 35-45

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30
Q

18th century

A

Gabriel fahrenheit developed the first mercury thermometer

Surgical procedure standardized

Lime juice used to prevent scurvy

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31
Q

Edward jenner

A

1796

Developed vaccination for smallpox

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32
Q

19th century

A

First successful blood transfusion

Public nursing started

Vaccine for rabies

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33
Q

Louis pasteur

A

Proved microorganisms caused disease

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34
Q

Florence nightingale

A

Founder of modern nursing

Professional education for nurses

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35
Q

Reflexes

A

Reaction involving sensory and motor response that occurs in the spinal cord

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36
Q

Aphasia

A

Condition that robs you from ability to communicate

37
Q

Hemiplegia

A

Weakness of the entire left or right side of body

38
Q

Ataxia

A

Lack of muscle control during voluntary movements ie walking

39
Q

Paralysis

A

Loss of muscle function for one or more muscles

40
Q

Amnesia

A

Refers to the loss of memories

41
Q

Paraplegic

A

Impairment in motor or sensory function of the lower extremities

42
Q

Analgesia

A

Painkiller; relief of pain

43
Q

Paresthesia

A

Sensation of tingling, tickling, prickling, pricking, or burning of person’s skin with no apparent long term physical effect

44
Q

Dysphasia

A

Disturbance of the comprehension and expression of language caused by dysfunction in the brain

45
Q

Quadriplegic

A

Tetraplegic; paralysis caused by illness or injury to a human that results in the parietal or total loss of use of all their limbs and torso

46
Q

Flaccidity

A

Clinical manifestation characterized by weakness or paralysis and reduced muscle tone without other obvious cause

47
Q

Stages of grief

A

Denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance

48
Q

Nosocomial

A

Hospital acquired infection

49
Q

Bacteria

A

Microorganism; reproduces/multiplies; alive, living, growing

50
Q

Virus

A

Does not reproduce on its own; not alive; contains DNA; needs host cell

51
Q

Fungus

A

Plant, spores

52
Q

Pathogen

A

Disease causing; bacteria, virus, fungus

53
Q

Non-pathogen

A

Non-disease causing

54
Q

Probiotic

A

For life

55
Q

Reservoir

A

Where pathogen lives & multiplies; food, H2O; warm, dark; skin, blood; mucus; respiratory (lungs); wound

56
Q

Portal of exit & entry

A
  1. Mouth, eyes, nose
  2. Wound
  3. Rectal
  4. Vaginal/semen
  5. Blood
57
Q

Starling’s law

A

The greater the fill; stronger the contraction

58
Q

Blood pressure

A

Pressure of the blood in the circulatory system, often measured for diagnosis since it is closely related to the force and rate of the heart beat and the diameter and elasticity of the arterial walls

59
Q

Diastolic

A

Minimum arterial pressure during relaxation and dilatation of the ventricles of the heart when the ventricles fill with blood

60
Q

Apical

A

Denoting an apex; your heart rate; found with stethoscope placed over heart

61
Q

Pulse

A

Rhythmical throbbing of the arteries as blood is propelled through them, typically as felt in the wrists or neck

62
Q

Hypotension

A

Low blood pressure

63
Q

Rhythm

A

A strong, regular, repeated pattern of movement or sound

64
Q

Dysrhythmia

A

Abnormality in a physiological rhythm, especially in the activity of the brain or heart

65
Q

Systolic

A

The highest arterial blood pressure of the cardiac cycle occurring immediately after systole of the left ventricle of the heart

66
Q

Temporal pulse

A

Located on the temple directly in front of the ear

67
Q

Carotid pulse

A

On either side of the front of the neck just below the angle of the jaw

68
Q

Brachial pulse

A

Upper arm

69
Q

Femoral pulse

A

Along the crease midway between the pubic bone and the anterior iliac crest

70
Q

Popiteal pulse

A

Knee area/limb

71
Q

Doralis pedis pulse

A

Top of foot

72
Q

Normal pulse for an infant

A

80-190

73
Q

Normal pulse for 1-2 year old

A

80-160

74
Q

Normal pulse for 2-6 year olds

A

80-120

75
Q

Normal pulse for 6-12 year olds

A

70-110

76
Q

Normal pulse for 12 years and older

A

60-100

77
Q

Normal pulse for athlete

A

40-60

78
Q

Rate

A

Number of beats per minute

79
Q

Arrhythmia

A

Without rhythm

80
Q

What effects pulse

A 
Increase need for oxygen 
Pain 
Position change 
Emotions 
Medications 
Caffeine
81
Q

Diastolic

A

Filling time for the ventricles; resting time for the heart: ventricles are filling with blood; blood moving from atriums to ventricles

82
Q

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

A 
Self-Actualization Needs 
Esteem Needs 
Social Needs 
Safety Needs 
Physiological Needs
83
Q

8 necessary life functions

A 
Boundaries
Movement 
Responsive/Irritability 
Digestion/Absorption
Metabolism 
Excretion 
Reproduction 
Growth
84
Q

Boundaries

A

Skin/Integumentary - keeps out bad stuff, keeps in good stuff

85
Q

Movement

A

Muscular, skeletal, etc. - allows shifts in blood, muscles, bowels

86
Q

Response/Irritability

A

Nervous system - reactions

87
Q

Digestions/Absorption

A

Digestive system - breaks down food and takes in nutrients

88
Q

Metabolism

A

The sum of all chemical reactions in the body - takes in sugar and makes ATP

89
Q

Excretion

A

Digestive, urinary, lymphatic, respiratory - waste removal, water balance, CO2 removal, urine removal

90
Q

Reproduction

A

Reproductive system - creates new life and allows for cellular reproduction

91
Q

Growth

A

Endocrine, skeletal, muscular, nervous, integumentary, etc. - increase in size

Health Care (6 decks)

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