Disease Presentations

Question 0

Parkinsons

Answer 0

Lack of dopamine producing cells in substantia nigra; Coordination of motor nerves affects; tremors, shuffling gait, hunched posture, facial mask; cognitive function affected; dopamine replacement medication, stem cell transplant possible

Question 1

Multiple sclerosis

Answer 1

Autoimmune disorder-immune system produces antibodies that attack myelin sheath nerves; affects interneurons, motor, and sensory; visual, muscle weakness, somatic muscle weakness, sensory lost; cognitive function affected; immunosuppressant drugs

Question 2

Ondine’s curse

Answer 2

Traumatic head injury resulting in intracranial pressure damaging medulla oblongata, genetic defect in the medulla oblongata; stimulus to breath not present- during day breath through somatic muscles at night lack of stimulus to diaphragm results in suffocation; night time ventilation like a pacemaker

Question 3

Emphysema

Answer 3

Smoking, environmental respiratory pollutants, damage to the walls of alveoli result in breakdown of the alveoli which creates less surface area of external gas exchange; stimulus for breathing decrease levels of O2; barrel chest, difficulty exhaling, significant morbidity; symptomatic treatment,
Supplemental O2

Question 4

Asthma

Answer 4

Allergens, exercise, emotions (triggers); stimulus to breath increasing CO2 levels; wheezing, inflammation in Broncho

Question 5

Ebola

Answer 5

Virus cause liver damage, damage to lining of blood vessels resulting in internal or external bleeding, damage to gastrointestinal tract resulting in uncontrollable diarrhea leading to severe dehydration and death

Question 6

Sickle cell anemia

Answer 6

Genetic; extreme joint pain, cold feet and hands, fatigue, malaise, frequent infections; episodes can be brought on by stress; sickle-shaped blood cell; symptomatic, pain medication, antibiotics

Question 7

Hemophilia

Answer 7

Lack of a clotting factor need by platelet production; Genetic X-linked; slow clotting times, risk of internal bleeding, hematomas, hematuria,
Fatigue

Question 8

Leukaemia

Answer 8

Form of cancer of the bone marrow resulting in production of immature WBC That do not function, radiation and chemical exposure can cause; hematomas, fatigue and malaise, epistaxis, freq infections WBC; chemotherapy, bone marrow transplant

Question 9

ALS

Answer 9

Unknown; motor affected; paralysis starting with hands and feet moving medially, eventually diaphragm is paralyzed; cognitive function not affected; symptomatic treatment, ventilator

Question 10

Huntington’s

Answer 10

Genetic dominant; 40-60; motor affected; rapid, lack of co-ordination of somatic muscles resulting in rapid random movement of somatic muscles; cognitive function affected; symptomatic

Question 11

Stroke

Answer 11

Age, life style choices, hypertension,
Obesity, ethnic background, gender; brain damage; midsagittal effect on body; cognitive: DEPENDS WHAT PART OF BRAIN; FAST

Question 12

F.A.S.T

Answer 12

F- face droop
A- arm drift
S- slurring of speech
T- time to get to hospital

Question 13

Types of stroke

Answer 13

Ischemic
Hemorrhagic
Transient Ischemic Attacks

Question 14

Ischemic

Answer 14

Lack of blood flow resulting in decrease O2 and increase CO2 in cells of brain due to blood clot or fat embolism

Question 15

Hemorrhagic

Answer 15

Rupture of blood vessel in brain resulting in decrease O2 and increase CO2 in cells of brain due to hypertension or aneurysm

Question 16

Transient Ischemic Attacks

Answer 16

“Mini stroke”; lack of O2 to brain that is transient as clot moves

Question 17

Alzheimer

Answer 17

Plaques and tangles in brain destroy interneurons in brain resulting in shrinking of brain tissue; effected as interneurons disappear; cognitive function effected; progressive disease no cure, symptomatic

Question 18

Hallucinations

Answer 18

Senses are interrupted to create a loss of touch with reality

Question 19

Delusions

Answer 19

Brain interrupts sensory input as dangerous and becomes paranoid, violent, memories of people are distorted and often the person believes they are in danger from those around them

Question 20

Cystic fibrosis

Answer 20

Genetic recessive; stimulus to breath increasing CO2; increased mucus production in lungs; mucus plugs in ducts of pancreas resulting in decrease release of pancreatic enzymes into small intestine, malnutrition; medications but no cure

Question 21

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Answer 21

Smoking, environment pollutants; stimulus to breath: decreasing O2; obstruction of airways, destruction of alveoli, increase pressure in right ventricle with corresponding increase in diastolic BP

Question 22

HIV & AIDS

Answer 22

HIV virus: targets helper T cells (CD4) resulting in irreversible damage to immune system resulting in an inability to fight off simplest infection

Question 23

Cardiac arrest

Answer 23

CA: heart muscle stops beating or beats ineffectively and does not pump blood out of the left ventricle

Question 24

Sudden death

Answer 24

Electrical conduction in heart is disrupted suddenly and cardiac muscle does not pump effectively

Question 25

S&S of CA&SD

Answer 25

Lack of conscienceness 
Lack of respiratory effort 
Lack of circulation 
Essentially person dead  
TREATMENT 
CPR & AED

Question 26

Heart attack

Answer 26

Cardiac muscle does not receive enough O2 resulting in damage to the cardiac muscle; decreased blood flow to heart due to blockages in coronary arteries

Question 27

Angina

Answer 27

Cramp in cardiac muscle due to decrease in O2 to heart muscle can be due to coronary artery spasm, temp coronary artery blockage, stress w increase demand on heart, hypertension

Question 28

Stable angina

Answer 28

Related to activity relieved with rest and medication

Question 29

Unstable angina

Answer 29

Not related to activity

Question 30

Rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 30

Autoimmune - destruction of connective tissue; deformities of joints, pain & swelling w/ stiffness, SYMMETRICAL ONE JOINT AFFECTED OTHER IS TOO; symptomatic treatment, joint replacement

Question 31

Osteoarthritis

Answer 31

Damage to cartilage leads to exposed bone which results in damage to bone & increase in OSTEOBLAST function; pain w movement, swelling - warm &
Tender; symptomatic, rest, brace

Question 32

Osteoporosis

Answer 32

OSTEOCLASTS remove calcium from compact and matrix of bone resulting in weak POROUS bone that breaks easily; DECREASE IN CA + VIT B