exam rev. topics Flashcards
The frontier had made the United States unique. Due to hardship, residents were forced to become resourceful and self-reliant. They developed strength and “rugged individualism,” which in turn fostered the development of democracy.
Frontier Thesis
In quoting Matthew’s Gospel (5:14) in which Jesus warns, “a city on a hill cannot be hid,” Winthrop warned his fellow Puritans that their new community would be “as a city upon a hill, the eyes of all people are upon us”
Sermon on a hill
the concept of American exceptionalism, that is, the belief that America occupies a special place among the countries of the world.
Manifest Destiny
A legal instrument that bound the Pilgrims together when they arrived in New England, the first official evidence of democracy in America.
Mayflower Compact
Adopted by Congress on July 5, 1775, to be sent to the King as a last attempt to prevent formal war from being declared. The Petition emphasized their loyalty to the British crown and emphasized their rights as British citizens.
Olive Branch petition
States the principles on which our government, and our identity as Americans, are based.
Declaration of independence
Meant to break Massachusetts Bay and to warn the other colonies of the consequences of rebellious behaviour.
Coercive acts
Set out the core elements of the relationship between First Nations and the Crown, established the recognition of First Nation rights in Canada, and laid the foundation of the treaty-making process.
Royal Proclamation of 1763
A series of laws passed by the British Parliament that imposed restrictions on colonial trade. British economic policy was based on mercantilism, which aimed to use the American colonies to bolster British state power and finances.
Navigation acts
Was passed to gain the loyalty of the French-speaking majority of the Province of Quebec.
Quebec act
Asserted Parliament’s authority to pass laws that were binding on the American colonies.
Declaratory Act
The governing body by which the American colonial governments coordinated their resistance to British rule during the first two years of the American Revolution.
Continental Congress
The first constitution of the United States
Articles of Confederation
They favoured weaker state governments, a strong centralized government, the indirect election of government officials, longer term limits for officeholders, and representative, rather than direct, democracy.
Federalist
Believed that the Constitution, as drafted, would lead to a loss of individual liberties, an erosion of state sovereignty, and the potential for the rise of tyranny.
Anti-Federalist
The unofficial British policy where parliamentary rules and laws were loosely or not enforced on the American colonies and trade.
Salutary Neglect
‘The Lost Colony’
Roanoke
First official American settlement.
Jamestown
Colonists in the Thirteen Colonies who remained loyal to the British Crown during the American Revolutionary War, often referred to as Tories, Royalists or King’s Men at the time.
Loyalist
Colonists in the Thirteen Colonies who opposed the Kingdom of Great Britain’s control and governance during the colonial era, and supported and helped launch the American Revolution that ultimately established American independence.
Patriots
A strategy outlined by the Union Army for suppressing the Confederacy at the beginning of the American Civil War. “Scott’s Great Snake”.
Anaconda Plan
A political slogan that originated in the American Revolution and which expressed one of the primary grievances of the American colonists for Great Britain.
No Taxation W/O Representation
An idea developed in the British colonial period that said members elected to Parliament represented the whole British empire, not specific people or geographic locations.
Virtual Representation
A form of labor in which a person is contracted to work without salary for a specific number of years.
Indentured Servant
A letter written by President George Washington as a valedictory to “friends and fellow-citizens” after 20 years of public service to the United States. He wrote it near the end of the second term of his presidency before retiring to his home at Mount Vernon in Virginia.
Washington’s Farewell Address
A federal legislation of the United States that balanced desires of northern states to prevent the expansion of slavery in the country with those of southern states to expand it.
Missouri Compromise
A package of five separate bills passed by the United States Congress in September 1850 that temporarily defused tensions between slave and free states in the years leading up to the American Civil War.
Compromise of 1850
Three-fifths of the enslaved population would be counted for determining direct taxation and representation in the House of Representatives.
3/5th Rule
