EXAM QUESTIONS: midterm II Flashcards
Where and on which side can be found the perikarions of the fibers of the spinothalamic tract?
spinal ggl. , contra.
Where does the medial lemniscus terminate?
VPL (ventral posterolateral nucleus)
Which tract starts from the Clarke’ s cell colunm?
dorsal spinocerebellar (flechsig).
Where and on which side do the axons of the gracile and cuneate nucleus terminate?
internal arcuate fibers → midddle lemniscus → VPL, contra
Where do you find the 2nd order neurons of the pain-conducting pathway which carries the impulses from the head?
spinal nucl. Of trigeminal → trigeminal lemniscus → VPM
In which funiculus and on which side can be found the pathway transmitting the touch sensation from the body?
dorsal funiculus, ipsi.
Where does the trigeminal lemniscus terminate?
VPM
Where is the end of the central tegmental tract ?
inferior olive.
In which part and on which side of the cerebellum does the dorsal spinocerebellar tract end?
vermis, mossy fibers, ipsi
In which part and on which side of the cerebellum does the pontocerebellar tract end?
hemisphere (mosi fibers), contra
where do fibres of the corticonuclear tract terminate?
motor neurons of cranial n
where on and which cells does the corticospinal tract end?
spinal cord ventral hron ( alpha, gamma, motor neurons)
Please find the tract which doesn’t pass through the superior cerebellar peduncle?
a. cerebellothalamic tract
b. cerebellorubral tract
c. vestibulocerebellar tract
d. spinocerebellar tract
c. vestibulocerebellar tract
Where do the axons of the neurons of the mesencephalic nucleus end?
pontine nucl. → VPM. (motor neuron of reflex arch, maybe)
How do you call the cells innervating the intrafusal fibers of the muscle spindle?
gamma motor neurons
.Where do those sympathetic preganglionic fibers synapse which pass to the periphery (to the skin)?
synaptic trunk
. Where do those sympathetic preganglionic fibers synapse which pass to the viscera?
prevertebral ggl.
Where do you find the sympathetic preganglionic neurons?
lateral horn
Which kind of nucleus is the dorsal n. of X.?
GVM
Which neuron is the only excitatory neuron of the cerebellar cortex?
stellate cells.
With which kind of fibers ends the olivocerebellar tract?
climbing fibers.
Where do you find the synapse in the proprioceptiv (strech, masseteric) reflex of the muscles of mastication?
motor trigeminal nucl.
In which nuclei of the cerebellum terminates the cerebellothalamic tract?
dentate/ VA,AL
Where does the ansa lenticularis start?
A: globus pallidus.
.Where does the globus pallidus get its afferents?
cortex
SN
thalamus
Except the VPL/VPM which nuclei of the thalamus play role in the pain sensation?
intralaminar nuclei
Which nuclei of the thalamus send fibers to the limbic cortex (cingulate)?
AV, AD, AM, LD
Which nucleus is not general visceromotor?
a. sup. salivatory nucl.
b. solitary nucleus
c. dorsalis vagal nucleus
d. accessory oculomotor nucl.
b. solitary nucleus is not general
Which pathway is responsible for the transmission of the epicritic sensibility?
medial lemniscus, trigeminal lemniscus.
How do you call the pain-sensitive receptors?
nociceptors
Which tracts are responsible for the proprioception?
spinocerebellar???? (dorsal column – med lem, trigeminal lemn)
In which nucleus do the pain-fibers coming from the head terminate?
VPM????
Which nerve innervates anterior belly of digastric?
mylohyoid n. (mandibular n.)
Which nerve innervates the muscles of mastication?
mandibular N
What is the only motor branch of the sensory root of the mandibular nerve?
A: mylohyoid + ant. Belly of digestric.
What do the the axons of the cells of the ciliary ganglion innervate?
ciliary mucles, spichter papillae muscle.
What does the abducent nerve innervate?
lateral rectus muscle
What does the hypoglossal nerve innervate?
motor innervation of intrinsic and extrinsic muscle (except palatoglossus) + supra/infra hyoid.
What does the trochlear nerve innervate?
sup oblique muscle
How do you call the axons of the cells of the ciliary ganglion?
postganglionic parasympathetic → short ciliary n.
Where do the axons of the cells of the Edinger-Westfal (acc. oculomotor) nucleus end
ciliary ggl.
Where do the general visceral efferent fibers (branchialmotor) of the facial nerve originate?
facial nucl.
Where do the general visceral afferents of the IX. cranial nerve terminate?
A: inf. Salivatory nucl.
Where do the descending fibers of the medial longitudinal fascicle originate ?
A: medial vestibular nucl. + sup. Colliculus.
Which kind of neurotransmitters can be found in the cells of locus coeruleus ?
A: noradregenic.
A: noradregenic.
Fibers of which cranial nerve cross before leaving the brain?
A: troclear (4th)
Which cranial nerve nuclei can be found in the rostral part of the pons?
A: motor trigeminal, chief sensory of trigeminal, sup. Salivatory of facial.
Which disease appers if the cells of the substantia nigra degenerate?
A: parkinson’s.
Which kind of neurotransmitters can be found in the striatonigral tract?
GABA.
Which kind of neurotransmitters can be found in the raphe nuclei?
.
seratonin
