EXAM Questions Flashcards
The right psoas is contracting isometrically. motion is restricted?
Hip extension,
LEFT LUMBAR ROTATION
Isometric contraction means to
generate tension with out a change in length
Durring isometric stabilization, what is happening in the sarcomeres of the firing motor unit?
Length stays the same
Extension of the sacrum occurs durring which phase of gait?
Toe off to mid swing
What force is applied to the meniscus durring apley’s compression test
both compressive and tensile force
Which oblique axis does the sacrum torsion from right mid swing to foot plant?
right oblique axis
which dysfunction would require assessment for LT multifidi?
LT on Lt sacral torsion
the axes of lateral hip rotation from 90 degrees of flexion
around the z axis
Which muscles are responsible for creating force coupling for scap upward rotation?
Traps and serratus ant.
your client is standing up from stool, what are the arthrokinimatics at the knee
the femoral condyles roll ant. and glide posterior.
when joint motion is occuring “around” x axis, what plane is it moving through
sagital
The right QL is hyper tonic which sacral torsion would you suspect
lt on lt
or
lt on rt
in passive hip abduction, hip pulls into lateral rotation
Tight Glute
tight piriformis
what are the arthrokinimatics for inferior right lateral pelvic tilt.
The left acetabulum moves inferior/medial
What are the arthrokinimatics of a positive trendelen burg?
acetabulum rolls and glides inferior and lateral
how many transvers axis are in the SI joint?
3
what does a sarcomere do durring EC and CC
Lengthen and shorten
Iliosacral motion is
ilium moving on the sacrum
stance phase osteokinimatics
the asis moves posterior/superior
closed chain hip extension
Which joint is restricted with a + left seated flexion test?
left SI joint, resulting in closed chain hip flexion on the left
springy lumbar mechanics:
Ridgid = less or no lumbar extension
ridgid = extended or posterior torsioned sacrum
list the muscles involved in scapula force coupling durring downward rotation
Levator scap, rhomboids and pec min.
state the osteokinimatics for pelvic tilt.
ant. tilt - ASIS moves ant/inf
Post tilt - ASIS moves post/Sup
Lat tilt. - asis moves sup/med
Describe the specific Kinesiology occuring during the relevant screening test for a weak glute med
The tests for weak glute med include APR and Trendelenburg. trendelenburg is posative if the opposite hip drops, when the hip drops it causing the acetabulum to roll and glide inferior lateral. Durring APR testing for medial hip rotation the medial rotators are ethe force, lateral rotators are the resistance and control
Horizontal plane/y axis
femur moves medial (osteo kin) and the head of the femur rolls ant. and glides posterior (arthro kin)
Which occurs durring slump test? sacral flexion or sacral extension?
sacral extension
Describe the dysfunctionsal/compensaatory motions that would occur if the serratus ant. was weak.
restricted active scap upward rotation, scap depression, and scap
protraction.
scap might be excesively retracted/elevated/anteriorly tilted as a compensatory motions on the side of dysfuntion
For VBI to be effective, why must the lower cervical segments be fully extended?
to prevent rotation in the lower cervical
which direction is the nucleaus of the intervertebral disc forced during lumbar flexion
Posterior
the left leg is moving from toe off to mid swing, what is the motion occurring at the sacrum?
LT on RT torsion
What represents type 1 mechanics?
vertebrae rotating Lt and sidebending Rt.
what occurs during non-neutral mechanics in the vertebral column?
rotation occurs to the same side as side bending
TYPE II
What represents the control of right thoracic side bending?
EC of left erector spinae
A facet sprain is an example of
loaded spinal rotation from a flexed posting?
a lumbar muscle strain is and example of
a RSI created by fatiguing the tissue, followed by failure loading?
a fractured rib is an example of
blunt force trauma
a subluxation of GH is an example of
a compressive or tensile load to the joint in an anterior/inferior direction?
delayed onset muscle sorness is an example of
excessive progression of excercise over load?
crossed syndrom kyphosis
prolonged flexed and head forward posture
The thoracic spine is rotating to the right, what motion is occuring in the right rib
superior torsion
if sacral lumbar response occurs durring lumbar flexion, which motion will occur at the sacrum?
Extension
the right leg is moving from mid swing to foot plant. what motion is occurring at the sacrum
rt on rt torsion
The levator scapula is concentrically contracting, what motions may be occurring?
Scap downward rotation; cervical lateral flexion; scap elevation
The head of the femur is rolling superior and gliding inferior. which motion is occuring?
open chain hip abduction
the right upper trap can eccentrically control?
left cervical side bending
right cervical rotation
scap depression
scap downward rotation
The TPs move posterior on which side durring lumbar rotation to the left?
Left side
what plane represents the general orientation of the lumbar facet joints?
sagital plane orientation
If standing flexion test is positive left and seated is positive right which of the following may be the cause?
tight hamstrings on the right.
Describe what is occurring durring the contraction and relaxtion phases of the diaphram
When the diaphragm contracts it lowers creating a vaccume in the thoracic cavity - inhalation. when the diaphragm relaxes it moved upward into the thoracic cavity increasing the pressure in the thoracic cavity causing exhalation.
The sacrum is moving into Rt on Lt torsion. what motions of gait is occurring?
Right toe off to mid swing
The client is presenting with an ERSrt at T4. what may be present at the ribs
superior torsion of R4 Right
inferior torsion of R4 Left
the right piriformis is stabilizing the oblique axis do the SI joint durring________
right stance phase of gait
The normal function of the thoracis spine has?
a structural kyphotic curve
Adson’s test is positive on the right. which of the following describes the mechanics of this outcome?
The right anterior scalene is being stretched with right rotation of the cervical.
your client is performing RIGHT lateral flexion. you notice right compensatory right rotation, what muscle may be tight?
left upper trap
The client is presenting with an FRS lt. at T7, which rib dysfuctions may be associatied to this?
Sup torsion RT @ R7 & infr torsion Lt @ R7
OR
Infr Torsion of RT @ R7 and super torsion of Lt @ R7
Inferior torsion of RT rib 7 and superior torsion of Lt Rib 7
Which of the following is occuring durring seated flexion?
sacral flexion or sacral extension
sacral flexion
List all of the motions the left lat. can control.
List all of them motions the left lat can CREATE.
left lat controls:
GH lateral rotation
GH flexion
Creates:
GH medial rotation.
Tightness of the right multifidi may create which of the following durring seated flexion test?
Compensatory right rotaion, left rotation or excessive vertebral flexion?
compensetory left rotation
Understanding the biomechanics of an injury assists the therapist in?
-indication of strained tissue.
-indication of the potential severity of the injury
-indicates the potential pattern of secondary muscle guarding
The right lumbar multifidi function as stabilizers for which of the following?
left or right lumbar rotation
right lumbar rotation
Which of the following best described the facet orientation in the majority of the thoracic spine
Sagital, horizontal or frontal plane
Frontal plane orientation
Which muscles represent the force coupling for scap downward rotation?
Concentric contraction of Levator scap and Pec minor, RH min, maj
While observing your clients gait, you notice a restriction in left torso rotation what could be the cause?
tight Lt iliacus; Rt psoas; Lt internal oblique or Lt psoas
Left PSOAS
Why?
What muscle represent the force creating inhalation at Ribs 3-5?
Concentric contraction of Pec minor
Describe the function of right psoas maj durring gait
The right psoas contracts creating the lordotic curve on the right resulting in lumbar rotation to the Left, and sacrum rotation to the right.
Which of the following is responsible for stabilizing sacral torsioning on the approproate oblique axis?
Piriformis or multifidi?
Piriformis
The Right external oblique muscle is concentrically contracting. describe the specific kinesiology occurring at the thoracic spine.
Flexion/right side bending/rotation
Flexion sagital plane/x axis
Translation along the z axis
Osteo- vertebrae translates anterior, sps and tps district from the vertebra below
Arthro- facets open, disc moves posterior
Force- CC RA and obliques then gravity
Control- EC erector
Secondary motion roll and glide
Side bending
Frontal plane/z axis
Translation along the x axis
Osteo- vetebra translates right, right tp approximates, left tp distracts
Arthro- disc displaces left, right facet closes, left facet opens
Resistance- left erector and transversosplinalis
Control EC left erector and transversospinalis
Secondary motion roll and glide
When the client performs forced exhalation at ribs 11 and 12. which muscle is responsible for stabilization?
RA; QL, Pec min; ant. scalene?
QL
What is the arthrokinematics occuring in a positive empty can test?
Head of the humerus is gliding superior
The glute max is performing Eccentric work durring?
Closed chain hip flexion from anatomical.
Which muscles are responsible for creating the force coupling for scap upward rotation.
Upper and lower trap;
lower serratus ant.
The head of the femur is rolling and gliding inferior. what motion is occurring?
Open chain hip abduction
Double check
The right upper trap can eccentrically control which motion?
right rotation
left side bending
flexion
describe the mechanics of SLWL test in which the RIGHT leg is symptomatic.
The lifting the right leg causes the pelvis to tilt posterior, causing the sacrum to extend and the lumbar to flex, which cause the disc to apply posterior lateral pressure on the nerve root
The mechanics of a posative slump test, in which the out come is increased neural symptoms.
The lumbar flexion and sacral extension create a posterior/lateral pressure on the nerve root
The thoracic spine is rotating to the right, what motion is occurring in the left ribs
inferior torsion
Glute med is WEAK. describe the specific kinesiology occurring durring the relevant screening test for this
trendelenburg:
The acetabulum rolls and glides inferior lateral
Resisted medial rotation the head of the femur rolls anterior and glides posterior the femur moves medial, the lateral rotators are the control and the medial rotators are the force
Which direction is the nucleus of the intervertebral disc forced durring lumbar flexion?
posterior
For VBI to be effective, why must the lower cervical segments be fully extended?
to prevent rotation in the lower cervical.
What is type I vertebral mechanics
Neutral mechanics: side bending and rotation occurs in opposite directions
What is type II vertebral Mechanics
Non neutral: side bending and rotation occur in the same direction
What is Non-neutral mechanics and where does this occure
what is neutral mechanics and where does this occure?
The mechanics of a positive right seated flexion test are represented by:
the right SI joint has restricted motion resulting in increased closed chain hip flexion on the right
durring straight leg test, what are the mechanics occurring to create a positive out come?
the pelvis is tilting posterior, causing the sacrum to extend and the lumbar to flex
Testing for lateral epicondylitis requires contraction, elongation both applied to which muscle/s
Wrist flexors muscles
Glute max is performing Eccentric work durring?
Closed chain hip flexion from anatomical.
The arthrokinematics for open chain hip aBduction are:
Head of femur rolls superior and glides inferior
You are performing the assessment for PASSIVE hip extension. While palpating the PSIS of your client during this assessment you note superior motion of the PSIS. Why might the PSIS be moving superior while you passively extend the client’s hip?
The RF has reached its elastic limit
Your client is performing Trendelenburg’s test, and a Positive outcome is noted. What motion is occurring at the hip being tested?
Closed Chain aDduction
The Plane/ Axis for hip medial rotation is:
Horizontal/ Y
The Osteokinematics for Open Chain Hip Flexion are:
Femur moves anterior/ superior
What are the arthrokinematics occurring with a positive Trendelenberg’s test?
Acetabulum rolls and glides Inferior/ lateral
The FEMUR is moving anterior/ inferior at the HIP. Which phase of GAIT is this?
Toe off to Midswing
Which arthrokinematic motions are occurring with open chain hip extension?
spin and glide
The Plane/ Axis for hip Abduction is
Frontal/ Z
Elbow flexion specific KIN
-Axis-X, Plane-Sagital
-Osteokinematics-Ulna moves anterior/superior first 90 degrees, then posterior/superior to
full flexion
-Arthrokinematics-Olecranon (semilunar notch) rolls and glides anterior/superior first 90
degrees then posterior/superior to full flexion
-Force-Concentric contraction of agonists-Biceps, brachioradialis, brachialis
-Resistance-Gravity
-Control-Eccentric contraction of antagonists-Triceps, Anconeus
ELBOW EXTENSION (from full elbow flexed position) specific kin
Axis-X, Plane-Sagital
-Osteokinematics-The ulna moves anterior/inferior to 90 degrees then posterior/inferior to
anatomical position
-Arthrokinematics-Olecranon (semilunar notch) rolls and glides anterior/inferior to 90
degrees then posterior/inferior to anatomical position
-Force-Gravity
-Resistance-Eccentric contraction of antagonists- Biceps, brachioradialis, brachialis
-Control- Eccentric contraction of antagonists- Biceps, brachioradialis, brachialis
FOREARM PRONATION (from anatomical position) specific kin
-Axis-Y, Plane-Horizontal
-Osteokinematics-Radius moves medial around ulna
-Arthrokinematics-Head of Radius rolls medial and glides lateral on the radial notch of the
ulna
-Force-Concentric contraction of agonists-pronator teres, pronator quadratus
-Resistance-Eccentric contraction of antagonists-long head bicep and supinator
-Control- Eccentric contraction of antagonists-long head bicep and supinator
FOREARM SUPINATION (from neutral position-palm facing medially) specific Kin
-Axis-Y
-Plane-Horizontal
-Osteokinematics-Radius moves lateral around ulna
-Arthrokinematics- Head of Radius rolls lateral and glides medial on the radial notch of the
ulna
-Force- Concentric contraction of agonists- long head bicep and supinator
-Resistance- Eccentric contraction of antagonists- pronator teres, pronator quadratus
-Control- Eccentric contraction of antagonists- pronator teres, pronator quadratus
WRIST FLEXION specific kin
Axis-X
Plane-Sagital
Osteokinematics-hand moves anterior/superior
Arthrokinematics-distal bones glide anterior/ superior on proximal bones
Force-concentric contraction of wrist flexors
Resistance-Gravity
Control-Eccentric contraction of wrist extensors
WRIST EXTENSION specific kin
Axis-X
Plane-Sagital
Osteokinematics-hand moves posterior/superior
Arthrokinematics-distal bones glide posterior/superior on proximal bones
Force-concentric contraction of wrist extensors
Resistance-gravity
Control-eccentric contraction of wrist flexors
ULNAR DEVIATION specific kin
Plane-Frontal Axis -Z
Osteokinematics-hand moves medial/superior
Arthrokinematics-distal bones glide medial/superior on proximal bones
Force-concentric contraction of ulnar deviators
Resistance-gravity
Control-eccentric contraction of radial deviators
RADIAL DEVIATION specific kin
Axis-Z
Plane-Frontal
Osteokinematics-hand moves lateral/superior
Arthrokinematics-distal bones glide lateral/superior on proximal bones
Force-concentric contraction of radial deviators
Resistance-gravity
Control-eccentric contraction of ulnar deviators
Lumbar Flexion specific kin
-Plane-TIP-sagital
-Axis-TIP-x TRANSLATION-Along Z
-Osteokinematics-L4 translates anterior/ SPs and TPs distract from L5
-Arthrokinematics-Disc displaced posterior/ Facets Open
-Force-Concentric contraction of PSOAS and RA-then Gravity
-Resistance-Gravity-Then eccentric contraction of erector spinae
-Control-Eccentric contraction of erector spinae
-Secondary Motions-Roll and Glide
Lumbar Extension (L4) specific kin
-Plane-TIP-sagital TRANSLATION-Horizontal
-Axis-TIP-X TRANSLATION-Along Z
-Osteokinematics-L4 translates posterior/ SPs and TPs approximate to L5
-Arthrokinematics-Disc displaced anterior/ Facets Close
-Force-Concentric contraction of erector spinae-then gravity
-Resistance-Gravity-then eccentric contraction of PSOAS and RA
-Control-eccentric contraction of Psoas and RA
-Secondary Motions-Roll and Glide
Lumbar Lateral Flexion Left (L4) specific kin
Plane-TIP-Frontal TRANSLATION-Horizontal
Axis-TIP-Z TRANSLATION-Along X
Osteokinematics-L4 Translates to the left/ left TP approximates with Left TP of L5/ Right TP
Distracts from right TP of L5
Arthrokinematics-Disc displaces right/ left facet closes-right facet opens
Force-Concentric contraction of left erector spinae and transversospinalis-then gravity
Resistance-Gravity-then eccentric contraction of right erector spinae and transversospinalis
Control- eccentric contraction of right erector spinae and transversospinalis
Secondary Motions-glide and roll
Lumbar Rotation Left (L4)
Plane-Horizontal
Axis-Y
Osteokinematics-anterior vertebral body faces left/ left TP moves posterior-right TP moves
anterior
Arthrokinematics-left facet opens/ right facet closes
Force-concentric contraction of right transversospinalis
Resistance-eccentric contraction of left transversospinalis
Control- eccentric contraction of left transversospinalis
Secondary Motions-spin and glide
GAIT(-A-MUNDO) lumbar
- As the right leg swings forward the contraction in the RF pulls the right innominate into
anterior tilt - Contraction of the right psoas creates an increase in the lordotic curve on the right and a
corresponding left rotation of the lumbar - The left leg is planted. The left piriformis is contracting, stabilizing the right oblique axis
of the SI joint. The superior end of the axis is stabilized by the right innominate. The
right axis is “locked” motion will occur around this axis. - As the lumbar levers the sacrum, rotation of the lumbar to the left will force the sacrum
into right rotation. - Thus the sacrum is torsioned to the right on the fixed right oblique axis.
- NOTE-contraction of the right multifidii cause the sacrum to rotate to the right. The
orientation of attachment of these muscles to the lumbar vertebrae will cause rotation of
the lumbar to the left, following the laws of vertebral mechanics.
Thoracic Flexion (T4) specific kin
Plane-TIP-sagital TRANSLATION-Horizontal
Axis-TIP-x TRANSLATION-Along Z
Osteokinematics-T4 translates anterior/ SPs and TPs distract from T5
Arthrokinematics-Disc displaced posterior/ Facets Open
Force-Concentric contraction of RA and Obliques-then Gravity
Resistance-Gravity-Then eccentric contraction of erector spinae
Control-Eccentric contraction of erector spinae
Secondary Motions-Roll and Glide
Thoracic Extension (T4) specific kin
Plane-TIP-sagital TRANSLATION-Horizontal
Axis-TIP-X TRANSLATION-Along Z
Osteokinematics-T4 translates posterior/ SPs and TPs approximate to T5
Arthrokinematics-Disc displaced anterior/ Facets Close
Force-Concentric contraction of erector spinae-then gravity
Resistance-Gravity-then eccentric contraction of Obliques and RA
Control-eccentric contraction of Obliques and RA
Secondary Motions-Roll and Glide
Thoracic Lateral Flexion Left (T4) specific kin
Plane-TIP-Frontal TRANSLATION-Horizontal
Axis-TIP-Z TRANSLATION-Along X
Osteokinematics-T4 Translates to the left/ left TP approximates with Left TP of T5/ Right TP
Distracts from right TP of T5
Arthrokinematics-Disc displaces right/ left facet closes-right facet opens
Force-Concentric contraction of left erector spinae and transversospinalis-then gravity
Resistance-Gravity-then eccentric contraction of right erector spinae and transversospinalis
Control- eccentric contraction of right erector spinae and transversospinalis
Secondary Motions-glide and roll
Thoracic Rotation Left (T4) specific kin
Plane-Horizontal
Axis-Y
Osteokinematics-anterior vertebral body faces left/ left TP moves posterior-right TP moves
anterior
Arthrokinematics-left facet opens/ right facet closes
Force-concentric contraction of right transversospinalis
Resistance-eccentric contraction of left transversospinalis
Control- eccentric contraction of left transversospinalis
Secondary Motions-spin and glide
Sacral Nutation
Plane-Sagital
Axis-X
Osteokinematics-Sacral Base moves anterior
Arthrokinematics-irregular
Force-Lumbar Extension
Resistance-Bilateral eccentric contraction of piriformis
Control-Bilateral eccentric contraction of piriformis
Secondary Motions-Glide and roll
Sacral Counternutation
Plane-Sagital
Axis-X
Osteokinematics-Sacral Base moves posterior
Arthrokinematics-irregular
Force-lumbar flexion
Resistance-eccentric contraction of multifidii
Control-eccentric contraction of multifidii
Secondary Motions-glide/ roll
Right on Right Sacral Torsion
Plane-triplanar
Axis-right oblique
Osteokinematics-anterior sacrum faces right
Arthrokinematics-irregular
Force-lumbar extension and rotation to the left (concentric contraction of the right multifidii)
Resistance-eccentric contraction of the left multifidii
Control-eccentric contraction of the left multifidii
Secondary Motions-glide and roll
Right on Left Sacral Torsion
Plane-triplanar
Axis-left oblique
Osteokinematics-anterior sacrum faces right
Arthrokinematics-irregular
Force-lumbar flexion and rotation to the left (concentric contraction of the right multifidii)
Resistance-eccentric contraction of the left multifidii
Control-eccentric contraction of the left multifidii
Secondary Motions-glide and roll
Pelvis Anterior Tilt (closed chain hip flexion)
Pelvis Anterior Tilt (closed chain hip flexion)
Plane-sagital
Axis-X
Osteokinematics-ASIS moves anterior/ inferior
Arthrokinematics-Acetabulum moves anterior/ inferior
Force-concentric contraction of RF-then gravity
Resistance-Gravity-then eccentric contraction of hamstrings
Control-eccentric contraction of hamstrings
Secondary Motions-spin/ glide
Pelvis Posterior Tilt (closed chain hip extension)
Plane-sagital
Axis-X
Osteokinematics-ASIS moves posterior/ superior
Arthrokinematics-acetabulum moves posterior/ superior
Force-concentric contraction of hamstrings-then gravity
Resistance-gravity-then eccentric contraction of RF
Control-eccentric contraction of RF
Secondary Motions-spin/ glide
Left Lateral Tilt (superior) of the Pelvis
Plane-Frontal
Axis-Z
Osteokinematics-Left ASIS moves superior/ medial
Arthrokinematics-Right acetabulum moves superior/ lateral
Force-concentric contraction of RIGHT coxa abductors
Resistance-Gravity
Control-Eccentric contraction of the right coxa adductors
Secondary Motions-Roll/ Glide
GAIT(-A-MUNDO)
- As the right leg swings forward the contraction in the RF pulls the right innominate into
anterior tilt - Contraction of the right psoas creates an increase in the lordotic curve on the right and a
corresponding left rotation of the lumbar - The left leg is planted. The left piriformis is contracting, stabilizing the right oblique axis
of the SI joint. The superior end of the axis is stabilized by the right innominate. The
right axis is “locked” motion will occur around this axis. - As the lumbar levers the sacrum, rotation of the lumbar to the left will force the sacrum
into right rotation. - Thus the sacrum is torsioned to the right on the fixed right oblique axis.
- NOTE-contraction of the right multifidii cause the sacrum to rotate to the right. The
orientation of attachment of these muscles to the lumbar vertebrae will cause rotation of
the lumbar to the left, following the laws of vertebral mechanics.
weak abdominals, tight RF, and tight erectors can cause
exaggerated lumbar curve
strong pull on psoas
anterior pelvic tilt
Ant. pelvic tilt force coupling seated
lumbar extensors pull up in to ant rotation
hip flexors pull down into ant. rotation.
posterior pelvic tilt with force coupling seated
abdominals pull the pelvis into posterior tilt
hip extensors pull plevis further posterior (seated/flexed hip)
Moi trunk flexion phase of a sit up
lats
pec maj
rectus abdominis
external obliques
internal obliques
transvers abdominals
iliacus
RF
MOI hip flexion phase of a sit up
RF, iliacus
SCAP ELEVATION
Axis-Along Y
Plane-Frontal
Osteokinematics-Scap moves superior
Arthrokinematics-N/A
Force-Concentric contraction of agonists-Upper Trapezius, Levator Scap
Resistance-Gravity
Control-Eccentric contraction of antagonists-Lower Trapezius, Lower Fibers of Serratus
Anterior, Pectoralis Minor
SCAP DEPRESSION
Axis-Along Y
Plane-Frontal
Osteokinematics-Scap moves inferior
Arthrokinematics-N/A
Force-Gravity and Concentric contraction of agonists-Lower Trapezius, Lower fibers of
Serratus Anterior, Pectoralis Minor
Resistance-Eccentric contraction of antagonists- Upper Trapezius, Levator Scap
Control- Eccentric contraction of antagonists- Upper Trapezius, Levator Scap
SCAP PROTRACTION
Axis-Along X
Plane-Frontal
Osteokinematics-Scap moves Lateral
Arthrokinematics-N/A
Force-Concentric contraction of agonists-Serratus Anterior
Resistance-Eccentric contraction of antagonists-Rhomboid Major, Rhomboid Minor, Middle
Trapezius
Control- Eccentric contraction of antagonists-Rhomboid Major, Rhomboid Minor, Middle
Trapezius
SCAP RETRACTION
Axis- Along X
Plane-Frontal
Osteokinematics-Scap moves medial
Arthrokinematics-N/A
Force- Concentric contraction of agonists- Rhomboid Major, Rhomboid Minor, Middle
Trapezius
Resistance- Eccentric contraction of antagonists- Serratus Anterior
Control- Eccentric contraction of antagonists- Serratus Anterior
SCAP UPWARD ROTATION
Axis-Around Z and Along X
Plane-Frontal
Osteokinematics-Inferior angle of scap moves lateral/superior
Arthrokinematics-N/A
Force- Concentric contraction of agonists-Upper Trap, Lower Trap, Lower Fibers of Serratus
Anterior
Resistance- Eccentric contraction of antagonists-Rhomboid Major, Rhomboid Minor, Levator
Scap, Pec Minor and Gravity
Control- Eccentric contraction of antagonists- Rhomboid Major, Rhomboid Minor, Levator
Scap, Pec Minor
SCAP DOWNWARD ROTATION
Axis- Around Z and Along X
Plane- Frontal
Osteokinematics-Inferior angle of scap moves medial/inferior
Arthrokinematics-N/A
Force- Concentric contraction of agonists- Rhomboid Major, Rhomboid Minor, Levator Scap,
Pec Minor, and Gravity
Resistance- Eccentric contraction of antagonists- Upper Trap, Lower Trap, Lower Fibers of
Serratus Anterior
Control- Eccentric contraction of antagonists- Upper Trap, Lower Trap, Lower Fibers of
Serratus Anterior
SCAP ANTERIOR TILT
g. SCAP ANTERIOR TILT
Axis-Around X and Along Y
Plane-Sagital and Frontal
Osteokinematics-Inferior angle of scap moves posterior/superior
Arthrokinematics-N/A
Force- Concentric contraction of agonists-Pec Minor
Resistance- Eccentric contraction of antagonists-Lower Trap and Lower Fibers of Serratus
Anterior and Gravity
Control- Eccentric contraction of antagonists-Lower Trap and Lower Fibers of Serratus
Anterior
GH FLEXION
Axis-X
Plane-Sagital
Osteokinematics-Humerus moves anterior/superior to 90 degrees then posterior/superior
to full flexion
Arthrokinematics-Head of humerus spins and glides posterior/inferior to 90 degrees then
anterior/inferior to full flexion
Force-Concentric contraction of the Agonists-Biceps, Coracobrachialis, Anterior Deltoid,
clavicular portion of Pectoralis Major
Resistance-Gravity
Control-Eccentric contraction of the antagonists-Tricep Long Head, Latissimus Dorsi,
Posterior Deltoid
GH EXTENSION (return from flexed position to hyperextension)
Axis-X
Plane-Sagital
Osteokinematics-Humerus moves anterior/inferior first 90 degrees, then posterior/inferior
to anatomical, then posterior/superior to full hyperextension
Arthrokinematics-Head of humerus spins/glides posterior/superior first 90 degrees, then
anterior/superior to anatomical, then anterior/inferior to full hyperextension
Force-gravity to anatomical position and then concentric contraction of the agonists-Tricep
Long Head, Posterior Deltoid
Resistance-Eccentric contraction of the antagonists-Biceps, Anterior Deltoid,
Corocobrachialis and clavicular portion of Pec Major until anatomical position and then
gravity to full Hyperextension
Control- Eccentric contraction of the antagonists-Biceps, Anterior Deltoid, Corocobrachialis
and Anterior Deltoid
GH ABDUCTION
Axis-Z
Plane-Frontal
Osteokinematics-Humerus moves superior/lateral first 90 degrees then superior/medial to
full abduction
Arthrokinematics-Head of humerus rolls superior and glides inferior
Force-Concentric contraction of the agonists-Supraspinatous first 30 degrees, Lateral Deltoid
Resistance-Gravity
Control-Eccentric contraction of antagonists-Latisimus Dorsi, Teres Major
GH ADDUCTION (return from abducted position)
Axis-Z
Plane-Frontal
Osteokinematics-Humerus moves inferior/lateral first 90 degrees then inferior/medial to
anatomical
Arthrokinematics-Head of humerus rolls inferior and glides superior
Force-Gravity
Resistance-Eccentric contraction of the antagonists-Lateral Deltoid, Supraspinatous
Control- Eccentric contraction of the antagonists-Lateral Deltoid, Supraspinatous
GH MEDIAL ROTATION
Axis-Y
Plane-Horizontal
Osteokinematics-Anterior of Humerus moves medial
Arthrokinematics-Head of humerus rolls medial and glides lateral
Force-concentric contraction of agonists-Latissimus Dorsi, Subscapularis, Teres Major,
Pectoralis Major, Anterior Deltoid
Resistance-Eccentric contraction of antagonists-Teres Minor, Infraspinatous, Posterior
Deltoid
Control- Eccentric contraction of antagonists-Teres Minor, Infraspinatous, Posterior Deltoid
GH LATERAL ROTATION
Axis-Y
Plane-Horizontal
Osteokinematics-Anterior of Humerus moves lateral
Arthrokinematics-Head of humerus rolls lateral and glides medial
Force-Concentric contraction of agonists- Teres Minor, Infraspinatous, Posterior Deltoid
Resistance-Eccentric contraction of antagonists- Latissimus Dorsi, Subscapularis, Teres
Major, Pectoralis Major, Anterior Deltoid
Control- Eccentric contraction of antagonists- Latissimus Dorsi, Subscapularis, Teres Major,
Pectoralis Major, Anterior Deltoid
GH HORIZONTAL ADDUCTION (from 90 degrees GH Abducted position)
Axis-Y
Plane-Horizontal
Osteokinematics-Humerus moves anterior/medial
Arthrokinematics-Head of Humerus rolls anterior/medial and glides posterior/lateral
Force-Concentric contraction of agonists-Pectoralis Major, Anterior Deltoid, Biceps,
Corocobrachialis
Resistance-Eccentric contraction of antagonists-Posterior Deltoid, Long Head Tricep, Teres
Major
Control- Eccentric contraction of antagonists-Posterior Deltoid, Long Head Tricep, Teres
Major
GH HORIZONTAL ABDUCTION (from 90 degrees of GH Flexed position)
Axis-Y
Plane-Horizontal
Osteokinematics-Humerus moves posterior/lateral
Arthrokinematics-Head of Humerus rolls posterior/lateral and glides anterior/medial
Force-Concentric contraction of agonists- Posterior Deltoid, Long Head Tricep, Teres Major
Resistance-Eccentric contraction of antagonists- Pectoralis Major, Anterior Deltoid, Biceps,
Corocobrachialis
Control- Eccentric contraction of antagonists- Pectoralis Major, Anterior Deltoid, Biceps,
Corocobrachialis
Which muscles provide force coupling for scap upward rotation?
upper trap, lower trap and lower serratus anterior
The GH is horizontally aBducting. What motion occurs at the scap?
retraction
The client’s inferior angle is inferior and medial in standing visual assessment. Which muscles may be hypertonic?
Pec Minor
Protraction and retraction of the scap occur;
around an X axis
Along a Y axis
Around a Z axis
Along an X axis
Along an X axis
The scap is depressing. What is controlling this motion?
eccentric contraction of upper trap and levator scap
For Pec Major to create Scap Protraction, which muscles must increase their stabilization contractions?
Infraspinatous and posterior deltoid
The Plane and Axis used for performing the Drop Arm Test are:
Frontal/ Z for active ROM and Frontal/Y for translation
You are prescribing a passive stretch for the Long Head of Biceps. Which of the following represents the most effective position to use?
GH Extended, Elbow Extended, Forearm Pronated
Why do the Arthrokinematics of Roll and Glide occur in opposite directions at the GH joint?
The Glenoid Fossa is smaller than the Head of the Humerus
Which type of muscular contraction may involve work performed against the Force or Resistance of gravity?
Concentric
Eccentric
Isometric
describe the mechanics of a positive drop arm test?
the deltoid contracts creating impingement at the subacromial space
Frontal/ Z for active ROM and Frontal/Y for translation
The right leg is moving from mid swing to foot plant. What is the motion occurring at the sacrum?
Rt on Rt Torsion
The mechanics of a positive slump test, in which the outcome is increase neural symptoms, are:
the lumbar flexion and sacral extension create a posterior/ lateral pressure on the nerve root
The left leg is moving from toe off to mid swing. What is the motion occurring at the sacrum?
Lt on Rt Torsion
Which of the following is occurring during the seated flexion test?
Sacral Flexion
Why does the right PSIS move more in a positive right standing flexion test
The right SI joint has restricted mobility
The right Piriformis is stabilizing the oblique axis of the SI joints during which of the following?
right stance phase of Gait
The sacrum is moving into Lt on Lt Torsion. Which of the following is occurring?
Right mid stance to toe off
The client presents with a restricted right SI joint in the seated flexion test. Which of the following represents the dysfunctional axis of involvement?
Left Oblique axis
During the Stance Phase of Gait, what are the osteokinematics?
the ASIS moves posterior/ superior
The sacrum is moving into Rt on Lt torsion. Which of the following is occurring?
Right toe off to mid swing
while observing your client’s Gait, you notice a restriction in left torso rotation. Which of the following may be the cause?
tight left psoas major
***Psoas creates oposite rotation due to spine mechanics flexion=opposite rotation.
Which of the following represents the force creating medial hip rotation during the Active ROM assessment?
Gravity
what plane represents the general orientation of the lumbar facet joints?
sagital plane orientation
What plane represents the general orientation of the thoracic facets?
Frontal plane
If T4 is fully flexed and right sidebending is introduced, which rotation will occur?
right
What represents Type 1 mechanics?
Vertebra rotating Lt and side bending RT
Describe the mechanics of military brace
Gh extension
Ant. Tilted scap
Clavicle compresses neuromuscular bundle on to 1st rib
Inhalation
The acetabulum is rolling and gliding inferior / lateral. What motion is occurring
Closed chain hip adduction
Which muscle may create the force used to flex CO
Longus capitis
Which muscle may create the force used to flex CO
Longus capitis
Which cervical segments perform the majority if cervical rotation
C1 moving on C2
Describe the force cresting initial cervical flexion in an acceleration/deceleration injury of the C spine
Force is applied ant. To post. (Runnin into the car infront of you)
Lev scap creates what motions
Scap downward rotation
Cervical lateral flexion
Mechanics of drop arm
The deltoid contracts causing the abducted humerus to glide superior causing an impingement of the supraspinatus tendon against the acromion
Frontal/ Z for active ROM and Frontal/Y for translation
Left OCI contraction kin
C1 rotates to the left on a horizontal plane around a y axis
The right inferior facet of c1 opens and the left inferior facet of c1 closes the dens of C2 articulated with the corresponding facet of C1
Force is the left OCI
Control is the right OCI and RCP Maj.
Force coupling of the traps and seratus ant creates
Scap upward rotation
Axis-Around Z and Along X
Plane-Frontal
Osteokinematics-Inferior angle of scap moves lateral/superior
Arthrokinematics-N/A
Force- Concentric contraction of agonists-Upper Trap, Lower Trap, Lower Fibers of Serratus
Anterior
Resistance- Eccentric contraction of antagonists-Rhomboid Major, Rhomboid Minor, Levator
Scap, Pec Minor and Gravity
Control- Eccentric contraction of antagonists- Rhomboid Major, Rhomboid Minor, Levator
Scap, Pec Minor
