cervical Flashcards
C2-C7 are capable of performing Non-Neutral mechanics. T/F
True
Application of a passive stretch force to the Right Splenius Capitus muscle, would require which motions?
CO Flexion
CO lateral Flexion to the left
Describe Force Coupling of Rhomboids, Lev scap, and pec minor muscles.
force coupling between the Rhomboids, Lev scap and pec minor would result in scapular downward rotation.
Rhomboids- retracts scap medial on a superior angle
lev scap - pulls the medial superior angle superior
pec min - depresses the more lateral side of the scap
Describe the mechanics of a positive screening test outcome caused by the middle scalene muscle being tight.
Middle scalene. positive travell’s test.
the tight middle scalene pushes the neuro vascular bundle against the ant. scalene and causes the pulse to drop out or weaken and a possible recreation of symptoms. if negative, take a deep breath in to contract mid scalene making it push even more firmly against the neuro vascular bundle.
Eccentric contractions of the RCP major and RCP Minor would control which motion?
Flexion of CO
Which of the following describes the control for Left Rotation of C1?
-EC of the Right OCI and RCP Major
-EC of the Left OCS and RCP Minor
-EC of the Right OCS and RCP Minor
-EC of the Left OCI and RCP Major
EC of the Right OCI and RCP Major
Describe the mechanics of how a slump test may present positive based on a picture of the lumbar disc pushing posterior lateral.
The lumbar flexes while the sacrum extends to create posterior lateral pressure on the nerve root. The intervertebral disks get pushed posterior lateral adding pressure to the nerve root resulting in increased or recreated symptoms and a positive outcome
C2-C7 are capable of performing Neutral Mechanics.
true or false
False
Describe Force Coupling of trap and serrratus ant. muscles.
upper trap CC to pulls the acromion superior
Mid CC to pull the lateral spine of the scap superior/medial
Lower trap CC to pull medial spine of the scap inferior
the lower fibers of the serratus Ant. CC to pull the inferior side of the scap lateral
All this motion creates uppward rotation of the scapula
C2-C7 are rotating to the left. describe the osteokinematics?
SPs move to the right
Rt TPs move anterior
Lt TPs move posterior
Adson’s test is positive on the right. Describe the mechanics of this outcome?
The right anterior scalene is being stretched with right cervical rotation
Which plane best describes the orientation of the facet joints between C2 and C3
Horizontal Plane Orientated
Which muscle may create the force used to flex CO?
Longus Capitis
During cervical distraction test, which force is being applied to the facet joint capsules?
Tensile
The levator scapula is concentrically contracting. Which motions may be occurring?
Scap Downward Rotation and cervical lateral flexion
Which of the following occurs during non-neutral mechanics in the vertebral column?
rotation occurs to the same side as sidebending
Which segments performs the majority of cervical rotation?
C1 moving on C2
Flexion and Extension of C0 occur on which plane and axis?
Sagital/ X
What is the MAJORITY of force creating flexion of the lower cervicals from anatomical position?
Gravity
For VBI test to be effective, why must the lower cervical segments be fully extended?
To prevent rotation in the lower cervical
Describe the mechanics of a screening test used to assess for inflammation of the supraspin tendon.
Supraspinatus tendon - Drop arm testing
Pressure on the abducted humerus, causes deltoid to contract pulling the head of the humerus superior in the glenoid fossa, putting pressure against the acromion process pressing on the sub acromial burssa and the suprasinatis tendon.
Describe the mechanics of the screening test used to assess for impingement of the costcoclavucular nerovascular bundle of nervous tissue.
Military brace, costal clavicular impingment of the neuro vascular bundle.
Trying to irritate the neuro vascular bundle by compressing it between the clavicle and the ribs by hyper extending the GH, causing anterior tilt of the scapula and pushes the clavicle down onto the first rib. deep breath in brings the rib closer to the clavicle furthering the pressure or making the space even more narrow.
Therapist is pushing on the right articular pillar of C3. describe the mechanics occurring?
The right facet is closing and the left facet is opening
C4 is performing Left sidebending. Describes the arthrokinematics?
The left facet is closing the right facet is opening
Describe the kinesiology occurring if the OCI muscle is concentrically contracting.
OCI. the atlas rotates to the left on a horizontal plane, around the y axis, the right inferior facet of C1 opens, the left inferior facet of C1 closes, the posterior dens of C2 articulates with the anterior facet of C1. The force is the left OCI the control is the right OCI, Right RCP Maj.
The right upper trapezius can eccentrically control which motions?
right rotation
left sidebending
flexion
Describe the force creating initial cervical flexion in an acceleration/ deceleration injury of the cervical spine?
Force is applied to the body from anterior to posterior (ie-running into the car in front of you)
If the lower cervical spine presents with an excessive lordotic curve, which motion would concentric contraction of both SCM muscles create?
Extension
Rotation of C1 occurs on which plane/ axis?
Horizontal/ Y
List the motions controlled via eccentric contraction of the pec minor muscle.
Pec minor, scap upward rotation, scap elevation, exhalation
What occurs at the facet joints in the cervical spine during cervical compression test?
Approximation
Understanding the biomechanics of an injury assists the Therapist in?
indicates which tissues may have been strained
indicates the potential severity of the injury
indicates the potential pattern of secondary muscle guarding
What represents the typical/ most likely biomechanics of muscle strain in the cervical region?
Eccentric loading while the muscle is lengthened by an external force
Contraction of the SCM Muscle may create flexion OR extension of the cervical spine. T/F
True
Your client is performing RT lateral flexion. You notice compensatory right rotation. Which of the following muscles may be tight?
Left Upper trap
describe the mechanics of a positive cervical decompression test?
The compression on nerve roots is being lessened via distraction of vertebral segments
Describe the arthrokinematics of Rotation to the right of C1
The right facet of C1 moves posterior and the Left Facet of C1 moves Anterior
Splenius cervicis
O
I
action
Splenius Capitus
O
I
Action
Spinalis capitus
O
I
Action
Longissimus capitus
O
I
action
RCP maj
O
I
action
RCP minor
O
I
action
OCI
O
I
action
OCS
O
I
action
Rectus capitus lateralis
O
I
action
Rectus capitus Anterior
O
I
Action
Longus capitus
O
I
Action
Longus colli
O
I
action
levator scap
O
I
action
Ant. scalene
o
i
action
Mid scalene
O
i
action
post scalene
o
I
action
Cervical SPs are _______, and ______
short and bifid
Short SPs allow for
good extension
C2 and C7 have ________sps that are generaly not bifid
longer
cervical TPs are, _____________and project_____/_____
short, anterior/lateral at a 45 degree angle
Flexion of the C-Spine specific kin:
-SCM,Longus Colli, sclene contract
-Motion occurs inferior to superios segments
-segments translate anterior -along a Z axis on a horizontal plane
-The discs displace poserior
-The erector spinae muscles eccentrically contract
to control rate and speed of motion.
-The facet joints open and the SPs distract.
Extension Of The
Cervical Spine specific kin
-The Erector spinae muscles perform a short concentric contraction to move the
head outside the line of gravity.
-Motion occurs from the inferior to the
superior segments
-Each segment translates posterior along
a Z axis and on a horizontal plane
-The discs displace anterior
-SCM, Longus Colli and scalenes eccentrically contract to control rate and
speed of motion
-The facet joints close
Side Bending C-Spine kin
-Side bending occurs on a frontal plane around a z axis
-The disc displaces to the opposite side
-The force is gravity and control is eccentric contraction of the
erector spinae, trapezius and scalene on the opposite side.
-This motion is limited in the cervicals due to the structure of the
vertebral bodies and the TPs proximity to each other
Side Bending And
Rotation - remember
We must note that the primary muscles involved in these motions will switch, depending on which motion is introduced first
Rotation Of The
Cervical Spine specific Kin
-This motion occurs on a horizontal plane, around a Y axis
-The force is muscular contraction of the trapezius, multifidi and rotatores
-Control is accomplished through eccentric contraction of the
corresponding muscled on the contrallateral side
Rotation and
Sidebending From
Flexion
-In Flexion the facets are open
-Sidebending will close the facets on the side of motion
-because of attachments of the cervicis muscles rotation will occur to the same side (non-neutral
mechanics)
Rotation and
Sidebending From
Extension
-In extension the facets will be closed
-Sidebending will open the facets on the side opposite the motion
-Because the muscles
concentrically contracting on the side of motion cause rotation to that side (the cervicis muscles), rotation again occurs to the same
side (non-neutral mechanics)
C1 is also know as the
Atlas
C 2 is also known as the
axis
The atlas is made up of
two lateral masses joined by
anterior and posterior arches (ring shaped)
The Atlas has no ______ or ______
vertebral body or spinous
process
Occipital condyles of the atlas are _____ and they
articulate with the _____ facets of the
atlas
convex; concave
The dorsal surface of the atlas contains a _____ for articulation with
the _____ of the axis
facet; dens
The atlas Foramen Magnum is very _____ to accommodate motion
large
The Axis inferior facets face
inferior and medial
The superior facets of C3 face
superior and
lateral and are slightly anterior of the inferior
facets on the atlas
Atlantooccipital Joint
- Allows for flexion and extension
- Flexion is limited by bone contact on the
dens of the axis - Extension is limited by the anterior
longitudinal ligament
Flexion of the Occipit kin
Occipit is drawn anterior and the convex
condyles of the occipit glide/ roll posterior
on the concave facets of the atlas
Extension of the Occipit
Occipit (head) is drawn posterior
* The convex condyles of the occipit glide/
roll anterior on the concave facets of the
atlas
C1/ C2 Rotation
* These joints allow for about ____ of the
available rotation in the cervical vertebral
column
50%
The atlas will pivot approximately ____
degrees in each direction
45
Muscles of cervical flexion
SCM, Ant.Scalene, longus colli, Longus capitus
Muscles of cervical extension
SCM (some times/line of pull) Splenius capitis, splenius cervicis.
Muscles of cervical lateral flexion
SCM, Ant. scalene, mid scalene
Post scalene (less), splenius cap (less), splenius cervicis (less)
Muscles of axial rotation
SCM (to the opposite side)
splenius cap
splenius cervicis.
