EXAM QUESTIONS Flashcards
What is rhabdo?
Any type of muscle damage caused from
- accidents
- heat
- overuse
What are symptoms of rhabdomyolysis?
- muscle cramps
- dark tea color urine
- feeling weak or tired
What 2 hormones does somatostatin inhibit the release of
insulin and glucagon
What is the longest nerve in the body ?
Sciatic nerve - 9cm
Most common cause of pancreatitis?
gallstones and heavy drinking
Pernicious anaemia
- weakened stomach lining
- diarrhoea or constipation
Iron deficient anaemia
headaches, head ringing
Aplastic anaemia
bone marrow is unable to produce enough RBC for the body to work normally
- infections, weakness and bruising
Haemolytic anaemia
RBCs are destroyed faster than they can be made
- paleness, dark urine and weakness
Sickle cell anaemia
RBCs are abnormally shaped and can vasocculude causing crises
- painful episodes
- infections
Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor
Treat high blood pressure and heart failure
Ramipril, enalpril
Beta - adrenoceptor antagonist
vasodilator
Bisoprolol
prevents platelet adhesion
aspirin - reduces clot formation
Anticoagulant drugs
blood thinners
rivaroxaban
apixaban
Hypercholesteremia
high cholesterol
statins reduce the amount of cholesterol your body makes
What are misshapen prions and what do they lead to
normal prions that clump in the brain causing
memory impairment
personality changes
difficulties with movement
motor neuron disease
rare condition that progressively damages parts of the spine signs:
weakness in the ankle or leg
slurred speech
Creutzfeldt -jakob disease
fatal neurodegenerative disorder believed to be caused by an abnormal isoform of a cellular glycoprotein known as the prion protein.
loss of memory
changes in personality
What is muscular dystrophy
group of muscle diseases caused by mutations in a persons genes
frequent falls
waddling gait
pneumonia
inflammation of the tissue in the lungs / fluid.
What is intravascular coagulation
abnormal blood clotting throughout the body
bleeding
bruising
postural drop
Petechia
pinpoint, round spots that appear on the skin as a result of bleeding caused by bacterial/fungal infections
thrombocytopenia
deficiency of platelets in the blood - can get blood in stool
Acute renal failure
sudden episode of kidney failure within a few days
vascular occlusions
blood is no longer able to pass through a blood vessel
Causes of acute renal failure
blood or fluid loss
blood pressure medication
heart attack
mendelian inheritance theory led to the development of
classical genetics about how traits are passed from parents to offspring
laws of
segregation
dominannce
independent assortment
where are peptic ulcers commonly found
on the lining of your stomach or the first part of your small intestine (duodenum)
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) affect your
urinary tract
bladder (cystitis),
urethra (urethritis)
kidneys (kidney infection)
side effects of cytotoxic drugs
abdo pain
hair loss
vomiting
liver damage
aphthous ulcers
shallow lesions that develop on the soft tissues in your mouth or at the base of your gums.
benign tumour
a growth that is not cancer it does not invade nor spread to other parts of the body
