Exam question 1 citations

Question 1

The Yangtze River is both nationally and internationally important, supporting 1/3 of China’s population. What is the citation that goes with this?

Answer 1

Vemula et al. (2004)

Question 2

Crucial for agriculture (70% of the nation’s rice) industries (40% of total output) and freshwater biodiversity. What are the citations that go with this?

Answer 2

Ryder and Barber (1990)
Fu et al.(2003)

Question 3

Justifications for this development are the catastrophic floods, displacement of millions of people, and deaths each year due to the Yangtze River. What are the citations that go with this?

Answer 3

Yin and Li (2001)
Jackson and Sleigh (2000)

Question 4

EIA identified environmental concerns (habitat loss, loss of biodiversity, water degradation, and displacement of communities). Mitigations were implemented and facilitated through public consultation including resettlement programs for affected residents. What is the citations that go with this?

Answer 4

Wilmsen et al. (2011)

Question 5

Ex-situ breeding programs were implemented to protect endangered species, however, this proved to be difficult for the freshwater mammals (E.g. Chinese river dolphin). What is the citation that goes with this?

Answer 5

Zhang and Lou(2011)

Question 6

Ongoing challenges such as landslides and ecological degradation, raised questions about the adequacy of the EIA in addressing long-term impacts. What are the citations that go with this?

Answer 6

Edmonds (1991)
McAllister (2000)

Question 7

The Dakota Access Pipeline (DAPL) in the United States. Faced legal challenges due to concerns about its potential environmental impacts on water resources and indigenous lands. USACE had violated several legislations including the NHPA and CWA. What is the citation that goes with this?

Answer 7

Johnson (2019)

Question 8

Despite protests, the project was approved highlighting some of the limitations of the EIA process in addressing broader social and environmental concerns. The DAPL controversy underscores the importance of public participation and stakeholder engagement in the EIA to ensure diverse perspectives are considered. What are the citations that go with this?

Answer 8

Johnson (2019)
Mejia (n.d.)

Question 9

The Trans-Alaska pipeline and the Exxon Valdez oil spill. an example of EIA limitations. The spill occurred in 1989 resulting in 11 gallons of oil spilled into Alaska waters devastating marine ecosystems and coastal communities.
What are the citations that go with this?

Answer 9

Charles (2003)
Busenberg (2008)

Question 10

While an EIA for the Trans-Alaska pipeline has been conducted, it failed to anticipate the potential for a catastrophic spill and address or prevent such an event.
What are the citations that go with this?

Answer 10

Hunsaker (1985)
Busenberg (2008)

Question 11

Like the DAPl the Trans-Alaska pipeline project disregarded the natives and their land and conservationists’ protests.
What is the citation that goes with this?

Answer 11

Bowles and Wilson (2015)