exam q

Question 1

List the 5-step process of evidence based practice.

Answer 1

• identifying a research question/problem
• designing the study
• collecting the data
• interpreting the data
• reporting the data

Question 2

List the five (5) most common categories of study design in health sciences research.

Answer 2

Experimental
Quasi experimental
Observational
Systematic review
Qualitative

Question 3

List and briefly describe two key features of (a) phenomenology, and two key features of (b) grounded theory.

Answer 3

Phenomenology
Analyses meanings structure and essence of lived experiences of a phenomenon by individuals or groups.
Data gathered is lengthy interviews describing the shared experiences.

Grounded theory
Explores social processes and generates explanatory theories of human behaviour which are grounded in the data.
Data collection and analysis occur simultaneously with analysis including constant comparison and systematic coding

Question 4

List and briefly describe two (2) strategies you could use to ensure ethical integrity when interviewing participants with an illness or disability.

Answer 4

Gain ongoing consent (particularly if people have memory loss)
Ask if participant would like a break (especially if the topic is emotional, if they fatigue quickly or they are in pain)
Ask if participant would like a family member present (e.g., for support or as a prompt)

Question 5

When conducting a semi-structured in-depth interview, what are the four (4) key phases you go through in the design and conduct of the interview?

Answer 5

Preparation: prepare interview guide of main topics with prompts
Invitation: invite, informed consent; their expertise’; provide inviting, comfortable, quiet environment
Exploration: explore with open questions, prompts and probes
Conclusion: conclude with “any other comments…” and next research steps

Question 6

List two (2) examples of the types of documents which can be collected and analysed in documentary research.

Answer 6

Policy documents
Reports
Medical records
Written narratives
Reflections
Stories
Diaries, blogs, tweets, emails
Photos

Question 7

List two (2) advantages and two (2) disadvantages of naturalistic observation as a method of data collection in qualitative research.

Answer 7

Advantages
Immediate of data – not reliant on participants’’ recollections
Less disruptive than interviews
Open settings are easy to access
Others in setting quickly forget about the presence of observer
Low tech methods increase use

Disadvantages
Needs extended periods of observation
Closed settings (e.g., therapy session) may be difficult to access
Ethical issues if covertly observing others (e.g., clients)
May be difficult to know what is important and what is unimportant to document
Need to manage relationships

Question 8

List and briefly describe the two (2) simplest, most commonly used data analysis methods in qualitative research.

Answer 8

Content analysis
Applied to contents of documents/written forms of communication and to identify concepts and categories

Thematic analysis
Identifying, analysing and reporting patterns (or themes) within data

Question 9

1. List two (2) advantages and two (2) disadvantages of collecting and analysing virtual documentary sources in qualitative research.

Answer 9

ADVANTAGES
Data are in the words of individuals or organisations already
Copious amount readily available
Convenient to access in own time
Saves time and costs of participant recruitment, data collection and transcription
No need to develop interview skills
Provides data about events, settings and situations not easily obtained

DISADVANTAGES
Some data are not readily available or may be difficult to access
Documents may not be full accounts or accurate
May not have been documented for your research purposes or directly answer your research question

Question 10

What is the aim of participant observation in qualitative research?

Answer 10

Aim to understand what is happening and cultural meanings of what people do (i.e., why they do what they do)