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Kinesiology > Exam Prep > Flashcards

Exam Prep Flashcards

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1
Q

Define Anatomy

A

Understanding the structure and organization of body systems, organs, tissues, cavities, joints, bones, blood vessels, and nerves.

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2
Q

Define physiology

A

Branch of biology that studies how all living organisms, including humans, operate. (Bodies functions: breathing or digesting food.)

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3
Q

Define Kinesiology

A

The scientific study of human movement

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4
Q

What are the three planes of motion?

A

Transverse, Frontal, and Sagittal

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5
Q

Define a Transverse plane.

A

Horizontal, divides upper and lower
(twisting)

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6
Q

Define a Frontal plane.

A

Divides front and back
(abduction)

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7
Q

Define a Sagittal plane.

A

Divides left and right
(walking/running)

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8
Q

What are the three axes of rotation?

A

longitudinal, lateral and vertical

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9
Q

Types of movement in joints:

A
  • ball-and-socket
  • hinge joints
  • pivot joints
  • gliding joints
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10
Q

Functions of the Skeletal System

A
  • body support
  • movement
  • protection of internal organs
  • storage of minerals and fat
  • makes blood cells
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11
Q

Axial vs. Appendicular Skeleton

A

Axial = bones in your head, neck, back and chest
Appendicular = everything else

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12
Q

Ligaments vs. Tendons

A

Ligaments = connect bone to bone
Tendons = connect muscle to bone

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13
Q

Six Types of Synovial Joints

A

Pivot, hinge, saddle, plane, condyloid, and ball-and-socket joints.

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14
Q

Common Joint-Related Injuries

A
  • rotator cuff tear
  • dislocation
  • separation
  • labral tear
  • impingement syndrome
  • bursitis
  • tendinitis
  • fracture.
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15
Q

Define rotator cuff tear.

A

When one or more of the rotator cuff tendons is torn, the tendon becomes partially or completely detached from the head of the humerus.

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16
Q

Inversion vs. Eversion Sprains

A

Inversion: these sprains occur when the ankle bends inwards toward the middle of the body.

Eversion: when the ankle is bent outwards away from the body

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17
Q

Three Types Of Muscle Tissue

A

Cardiac, Smooth, and Skeletal

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18
Q

How are Muscles Named?

A

Location
Action
Direction of fibres
Shape
Number of origins
Origin location
Relative size

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19
Q

Agonist vs. Antagonist

A

Agonist = responsible for movement

Antagonist = counteracts actions from agonist (lengthens when agonist contracts)

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20
Q

Origin vs. Insertion

A

Origin = attaches to the bones which are more “stationary” (axial skeleton)

Insertion = Attaches to the bone that is moved most

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21
Q

Parts of the Muscle

A

Made up of groups of muscle fibers called fascicles surrounded by a connective tissue layer called perimysium

22
Q

All or None Principle

A

The muscle or nerve responds completely or not at all.

23
Q

Sliding Filament Theory

A

The thin actin filaments slide between the thick myosin filaments – the filaments do not contract themselves so they stay the same length. This causes the sarcomeres to shorten in length, in turn shortening the muscle fibres and causing contraction.

24
Q

The Reflex Arc

A
  • Involuntary, instant response to a stimulus.
  • stimulus receptor
  • Sensory neuron (afferent)
  • Interneuron (efferent)
  • Motor neuron
  • Effector organ (effector)
25
Q

Aerobic vs. Anaerobic Systems

A

AEROBIC - fueled by oxygen

ANAEROBIC - fueled by energy stored in muscles

26
Q

The 3 Metabolic Pathways

A

ATP-PC
Glycolysis
Cellular Respiration

27
Q

ATP-PC

A

10-15 seconds (sprinting, jumping, weightlifting)

28
Q

Glycolysis

A

15 seconds - 3 minutes (200-800 meter runs or a shift in hockey)

29
Q

Cellular Respiration

A

120 seconds and beyond (marathons)

30
Q

Pyruvate and Lactic Acid

A

Pyruvic acid = supplies energy to living cells through the Kerbs cycle

Lactic acid = A chemical your body produces when your cells break down carbohydrates for energy.

31
Q

Slow Twitch vs. Fast Twitch Muscle Fibres

A

SLOW TWITCH
- red
- generate tension slowly
- longer

FAST TWITCH
- pale
- Tense and relax quickly
- Low endurance

32
Q

4 Layers of the Heart Muscle

A

The sac surrounding the heart (pericardium) Allows the heart to expand and contract.

  • Outer layer (epicardium)
  • Muscle tissue (myocardium)
  • The final layer of tissue inside the heart (endocardium)
33
Q

The function of the Atria and Ventricles

A

Ventricles = pump blood out of the heart and into either systemic or pulmonary circulation.

Atria = receives blood returning to the heart from other areas of the body.

34
Q

Parts of the Vascular System

A

The heart, blood and blood vessels

35
Q

Cardiac Output

A

the product of heart rate (HR) and stroke volume (SV)

36
Q

Heart Rate

A

The number of times your heart beats per minute.
Normal resting heart rate = 60 to 100 beats per minute.

37
Q

Stroke Volume

A

The volume of blood pumped out of the left ventricle of the heart during each systolic cardiac contraction.

38
Q

Blood pressure

A

The pressure of blood pushing against the walls of your arteries.

39
Q

Systolic vs. Diastolic

A

SYSTOLIC VS. DIASTOLIC PRESSURE
(Both are types of blood pressure)

Systolic Pressure =measures the pressure in your arteries when your heart beats.

Diastolic Pressure = measures the pressure in your arteries when your heart rests between beats.

40
Q

Conductive Zone vs. Respiratory Zone

A

Conducting zones = (nose to bronchioles) form a path for the conduction of the inhaled gases

Respiratory zone = (alveolar duct to alveoli) where the gas exchange occurs.

41
Q

Role of the epiglottis?

A

Allows air to pass into the larynx and lungs

42
Q

How are O2 and CO2 moved around the body?

A

O2 = dissolved in the blood and chemically combined to hemoglobin.

CO2 = is carried physically dissolved in the blood and chemically combined with blood proteins.

43
Q

What is an Oxygen Deficit?

A

It occurs when the body needs more oxygen than is immediately available to produce energy.

44
Q

Define RICE

A

Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation

45
Q

What’s the difference between 1st, 2nd, and 3rd degree sprains

A

1st - damage to fibres/stretching

2nd - partial tearing of ligament

3rd - complete tear of ligament

46
Q

3 types of muscle contraction

A
  1. Concentric
  2. Isometric
  3. Eccentric
47
Q

Cellular respiration involves what energy pathways?

A
  • Glycolysis
  • Kreb’s cycle
  • Electron Transport Chain
48
Q

Afferent vs Efferent

A

Afferent = Carries info from sensory receptors to the central nervous system.

Efferent = Carries motor info away from the central nervous system.

49
Q

Dislocation versus separation

A

BOTH ARE SHOULDER INJURIES Dislocation - when arm bone loses contact with shoulder blade
Separation - occurs between the shoulder blade to the collar bone

50
Q

Labrum vs meniscus

A

Lambrum - shoulder/hip
Meniscus - knee

51
Q

Acl vs mcl

A

Acl - anterior cruciate ligament located on legs frontal part of body
Mcl - medial collateral ligament located on the inside of the leg pointing inwards towards the body (bigger than ACL)

52
Q
A

Kinesiology (4 decks)

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